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                  <text>Since 2001, the Rainbow History Project hosts public panels and group discussions on a wide variety of historical topics. Each of these sessions is recorded and available to researchers and members of the community. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Some events were filmed and are available through the &lt;a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCxBpdDGhR6XmUFVoEGLLeOA" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;RHP YouTube Channel&lt;/a&gt;. Others are in audio-only format. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;All panels have been digitized and are described in the catalog; only some of them have transcripts available. If the recording does not stream from inside the record, please contact RHP for assistance: info@rainbowhistory.org</text>
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                  <text>All Rainbow History Project Public Panels are open to the public free of charge. All recordings are available to all researchers.&#13;
&#13;
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              <text>Yes, transcript available. See attached.&#13;
Day 2 transcript courtesy Elinor Aspegren, 2024.&#13;
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              <text>Yes, recording available.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;LISTEN ONLINE&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B_rmd0YNI039Nzg4aExkRjRUaVk/view?usp=sharing&amp;amp;resourcekey=0-4ZHldxwCdqkujeGwAxs4yg" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Day 1, Part 1 of 4&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B_rmd0YNI039algtdG5FNUNWT3M/view?usp=sharing&amp;amp;resourcekey=0-AmDl77sXpQtqb3T9vRiO7Q" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Day 1, Part 2 of 4&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B_rmd0YNI039cHdyaVI5ODhrMlE/view?usp=sharing&amp;amp;resourcekey=0-9QKw24U2JqaEe23q7WOvfg" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Day 2, Part 3 of 4&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B_rmd0YNI039dXAxREtZb09OQUU/view?usp=sharing&amp;amp;resourcekey=0-bxBfZaB104Z8_Qju8JnV5g" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Day 2, Part 4 of 4&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>"1979: Beginnings" Panel discussions</text>
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                <text>Day One: Darren Buckner (moderator); Valerie Papaya Mann; Philip Pannell; Michael Sainte-Andress, Dr. Sheila Wise.&#13;
&#13;
Day Two:  Darren Buckner (moderator); ABilly S. Jones-Hennin; Michelle Parkerson; </text>
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                <text>25 May 2001&#13;
8 June 2001&#13;
&#13;
Charles Sumner School</text>
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                <text>The Rainbow History Project retains copyright of this panel and it is available for "fair use." Reproduction and commercial use of this material requires permission from RHP.</text>
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                <text>&lt;span&gt;A two-day discussion of the artistic/intellectual currents of 1979 in the African-American LGBTQ community, bisexuality, and the creation of the National Coalition of Black Gays.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Day One (25 May 2001). Panelists discussed the issues and events of 1979 for the African-American GLBT community, including carding issues, the Third World conference, the March on Washington and the creation of the DC Coalition and the National Coalition of Black Gays.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Day Two (8 June 2001). Panelists discussed &lt;span&gt;issues, organizations, and cultural developments for the Black gay and lesbian community. Dr Sheila Wise's film, "&lt;em&gt;A Different Kind of Black Man&lt;/em&gt;" (2001) set the introspective tone for the evening, which was in many ways a continuation of the first session. Michelle Parkerson and ABilly S. Jones spoke of the issues in 1979 and their roles in the artistic and political events and of the meaning of the events then and now. In a deeply probing examination of past and present, Parkerson and Jones looked at 'namings', the emergence of Black gay and lesbian political participation and the founding of the DC Coalition and the National Coalition of Black Gays as vehicles for poltical expression. Jones recalled the April 1978 meeting at which 12 people from the region formed the Baltimore-DC Coalition of Black Gays. Parkerson and Jones both remarked on the positive feelings generated by the Third World Conference and the remarkable walk down Georgia Avenue on an October Sunday afternoon to join the 1979 March on Washington. Parkerson noted that "we saw our art as having political impact." Discussion of 1979 generated intense discussion between the panel and the audience on roles, 'naming', and future directions. As it had the night before during the Latino presentation, reviewing our history led to an examination of the present.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;LISTEN ONLINE&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B_rmd0YNI039Nzg4aExkRjRUaVk/view?usp=sharing&amp;amp;resourcekey=0-4ZHldxwCdqkujeGwAxs4yg" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Day 1, Part 1 of 4&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B_rmd0YNI039algtdG5FNUNWT3M/view?usp=sharing&amp;amp;resourcekey=0-AmDl77sXpQtqb3T9vRiO7Q" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Day 1, Part 2 of 4&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B_rmd0YNI039cHdyaVI5ODhrMlE/view?usp=sharing&amp;amp;resourcekey=0-9QKw24U2JqaEe23q7WOvfg" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Day 2, Part 3 of 4&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B_rmd0YNI039dXAxREtZb09OQUU/view?usp=sharing&amp;amp;resourcekey=0-bxBfZaB104Z8_Qju8JnV5g" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Day 2, Part 4 of 4&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;</text>
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                <text>"Organizing for African American Lesbians" Panel discussion</text>
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                <text>Valerie Papaya Mann; Leigh Mosley; Fatu Yarrow</text>
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                <text>26 March 2002&#13;
Venue not known</text>
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                <text>The Rainbow History Project retains copyright of this panel and it is available for "fair use." Reproduction and commercial use of this material requires permission from RHP.</text>
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                <text>Groups that emerged in the 1970s and 1980s to support African American lesbians, particularly the Sapphire Sapphos and the Black Lesbian Support Group.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;LISTEN ONLINE&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B_rmd0YNI039NF9rLUYxU1Qzc2s/view?usp=sharing&amp;amp;resourcekey=0-N3_lu1-qhfhF1LCklUiYuw" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Part 1 of 2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B_rmd0YNI039ejE3SENHVHpFR1k/view?usp=sharing&amp;amp;resourcekey=0-M_qTIguifAfxpkSxSdHmxg" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Part 2 of 2&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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&#13;
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                <text>"Prejudice and Pride" Panel discussion</text>
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                <text>Chuck Goldfarb (mod.); Colevia Carter; Richard Haight; Kwame Holmes; ABilly S. Jones-Hennin; Valerie Papaya Mann</text>
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Thurgood Marshall Center</text>
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                <text>The Rainbow History Project retains copyright of this panel and it is available for "fair use." Reproduction and commercial use of this material requires permission from RHP.</text>
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                <text>Panelists focus on discrimination against African-American members of the LGBTQ community in the 1970s and 1980s, and the formation of community groups and programs that fought back against such discrimination, including the DC Coalition of Black Lesbians and Gay Men and the Discrimination Response System.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;LISTEN ONLINE&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B_rmd0YNI039d2N5eXV3WktxQXc/view?usp=sharing&amp;amp;resourcekey=0-lGjUIFg6tlB7BLs5CukCeg" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Part 1 of 1&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>Yes, recording available.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;LISTEN ONLINE&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B_rmd0YNI039R2lBbTVBOEk0bHM/view?usp=sharing&amp;amp;resourcekey=0-_v-OxjyJE_qtCRzPSpiMFw" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Part 1 of 2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B_rmd0YNI039c1RtNk9jVlo2bE0/view?usp=sharing&amp;amp;resourcekey=0-JXlVuAkCIKqRxzKPwcTmkQ" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Part 2 of 2&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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Sumner School and Archives</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;In 1973, DC’s City Council adopted, and Mayor Walter Washington signed, the first citywide human rights ordinance, Title 34, which provided protection to gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgendered individuals.  Title 34 became the basis for subsequent suits and protests against discrimination. It was also innovative in ensuring women's eocnomic, financial and employment rights.   Effective implementation of Title 34 over the years has entailed considerable effort by the GLBT community to ensure adequate funding and independence for the Office of Human Rights. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Freund, Howell and Maccubbin each played prominent roles in the passage and subsequent implementation of Title 34. &lt;/span&gt;Freund discussed the campaign for passage of DC's first human rights law, Title 34; Howell focused on implementation of the law, issues before the Office of Human Rights, and Gay and Lesbian Activists Alliance's work to empower the OHR. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;They discussed their experiences, whether in the initial struggle to pass Title 34 or the subsequent effort to enforce it, and answer questions from the audience.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;LISTEN ONLINE&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B_rmd0YNI039R2lBbTVBOEk0bHM/view?usp=sharing&amp;amp;resourcekey=0-_v-OxjyJE_qtCRzPSpiMFw" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Part 1 of 2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B_rmd0YNI039c1RtNk9jVlo2bE0/view?usp=sharing&amp;amp;resourcekey=0-JXlVuAkCIKqRxzKPwcTmkQ" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Part 2 of 2&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>In 2007, ABilly S Jones-Hennin was named a "Community Pioneer;" read his &lt;a href="https://archives.rainbowhistory.org/exhibits/show/pioneers/jones-hennin" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;online biography&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Stream his &lt;a href="https://archives.rainbowhistory.org/items/show/1158" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;oral history interview online&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This portrait was made by Patsy Lynch, 2007.</text>
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                  <text>The Friends Radio tape collection at Rainbow History covers nine years (1973 to 1982) of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer activism and community building in Washington, DC and around the nation. The Friends collection includes poetry, music, interviews, candidate interviews, social and political commentary and analysis and accounts of the creation of community services and organizations. Rainbow History received a collection of more than 300 1/4inch acetate tape reels of varying diameters from Bruce Pennington, a founder of the Stonewall Nation Media Collective, which produced and broadcast the show at WGTB and WPFW.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;span&gt;Some clips play online. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To listen to other recordings, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=creator%3A%22Rainbow+History+Project%22" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;access the Internet Archive [external link].&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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He has generously contributed a wonderful album of photographs of his life in DC and elsewhere from which the following photographs are drawn. The Rainbow History Project (RHP) greatly appreciates Jack Nichols’ generosity in sharing these photographs and more with RHP.

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He has generously contributed a wonderful album of photographs of his life in DC and elsewhere from which the following photographs are drawn. The Rainbow History Project (RHP) greatly appreciates Jack Nichols’ generosity in sharing these photographs and more with RHP.

The photographs displayed here are the property and copyright of either Jack Nichols or the credited creators of the photos. They may not be used without permission.</text>
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He has generously contributed a wonderful album of photographs of his life in DC and elsewhere from which the following photographs are drawn. The Rainbow History Project (RHP) greatly appreciates Jack Nichols’ generosity in sharing these photographs and more with RHP.

The photographs displayed here are the property and copyright of either Jack Nichols or the credited creators of the photos. They may not be used without permission.</text>
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                  <text>The Jack Nichols Digital Collection includes photographs and documents created by, about, or collected by Jack Nichols.  The collection includes an unedited draft of his memoirs, which were never completed.

Jack Nichols is a native of Chevy Chase, MD. Until he moved to New York City with his partner Lige Clarke in the late 1960s, Nichols was extensively involved in gay activism and gay life in Washington, DC. He was a founding member of the Mattachine Society of Washington (MSW), participated in MSW’s picketing at the White House, the Pentagon, Civil Service, and at Independence Hall in Philadelphia. Nichols was an active participant in annual meetings of the East Coast Homophile Organizations (ECHO) and spoke from the podium on several occasions.
In New York City, Nichols and Clarke founded, wrote for, and edited the early national newspaper Gay. Today he edits and writes for the online newspaper Gay Today (www.gaytoday.com) which is published by the Badpuppy website.

He has generously contributed a wonderful album of photographs of his life in DC and elsewhere from which the following photographs are drawn. The Rainbow History Project (RHP) greatly appreciates Jack Nichols’ generosity in sharing these photographs and more with RHP.

The photographs displayed here are the property and copyright of either Jack Nichols or the credited creators of the photos. They may not be used without permission.</text>
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              <text>Mr. James Baldwin, Executive Director&#13;
District of Columbia Office of Human Rights &#13;
&#13;
RE: Interco T/A The Grand Central 900 First Street SE Washington DC Class C Restaurant ABC License Ho. 1127U&#13;
&#13;
The District Building &#13;
l4th and E Streets NW, Washington DC 20003&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
Dear Mr. Baldwin:&#13;
&#13;
Members of the Gay Activists Alliance have become increasingly aware in recent months of certain deeply troubling policies and behavior of the owners and staff of the above-referenced gay restaurant.&#13;
&#13;
We believe the practices witnessed are inimicable to the best interests of the gay community of Washington—as well as to the city of Washington at large—and they give every appearance of violating the law.&#13;
&#13;
I refer to the persistent policy this restaurant seems to have of discriminating against blacks through the subterfuge of regularly and unreasonably asking them for age identification at the door, while whites are asked for identification only rarely. Blacks are often asked for two "valid" IDs, both&#13;
with picture and birth date. We are told that heterosexuals also are discouraged from entering in the same way. The management's purpose appears to be to cultivate a favored and more lucrative clientele of white gay males.&#13;
We are told that in their attempts to enforce this policy, Grand Central employees insult and threaten those who protest. It is reported they will occasionally brandish baseball bats at complainants and that they tell whites to&#13;
go around to a side door while dozens of blacks await admittance, "because there are too many niggers in here."&#13;
Grand Central's behavior appears to be in flagrant violation of the DC Title 34 Human Rights Law, which outlaws discrimination in public accommodation: on the basis of race, sex and sexual orientation, as well as the DC Title 3 -Alcoholic Control Board regulations (Section 311), which prohibits demanding identification for admittance to a restaurant.&#13;
&#13;
We believe gay people cannot hope to end anti-homosexual discrimination while racial discrimination remains institutionalized in our own gay community.&#13;
&#13;
The Grand Central is not the only gay establishment which has offended in this fashion, but its insolent misbehavior is now too persistent, defiant, violent and immoral to ignore.</text>
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Jack Nichols is a native of Chevy Chase, MD. Until he moved to New York City with his partner Lige Clarke in the late 1960s, Nichols was extensively involved in gay activism and gay life in Washington, DC. He was a founding member of the Mattachine Society of Washington (MSW), participated in MSW’s picketing at the White House, the Pentagon, Civil Service, and at Independence Hall in Philadelphia. Nichols was an active participant in annual meetings of the East Coast Homophile Organizations (ECHO) and spoke from the podium on several occasions.
In New York City, Nichols and Clarke founded, wrote for, and edited the early national newspaper Gay. Today he edits and writes for the online newspaper Gay Today (www.gaytoday.com) which is published by the Badpuppy website.

He has generously contributed a wonderful album of photographs of his life in DC and elsewhere from which the following photographs are drawn. The Rainbow History Project (RHP) greatly appreciates Jack Nichols’ generosity in sharing these photographs and more with RHP.

The photographs displayed here are the property and copyright of either Jack Nichols or the credited creators of the photos. They may not be used without permission.</text>
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Independence Party and involved with Operation PUSH. The D.C. Coalition of Black Gays was her entrance into queer issues in an organizing lens. She would go to the coffeehouse to hang out with other queer people and be social, talk about political issues and rights. She was a member of Saphire Sapphos, a queer women’s group. This was the first time being political in her life, and Cheatam was one of the few women politically active in queer issues at the time. This meant she easily slipped into leadership roles in these organizations. She was co-chair of both the D.C. Coalition and the Eleanor Roosevelt small Democratic Club. Despite all of these roles, Cheatam views herself as an organizer not a political person. She prefers to make things work, to do work, than to play the political game.&#13;
&#13;
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&#13;
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&#13;
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        <name>Michael "Micci" Sainte-Andress</name>
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                  <text>Eye-witness accounts of what we’ve seen and experienced provide a valuable resource to researchers and future generations to understand our past and how we arrived where we are today. &#13;
&#13;
Each interview in this collection has a narrator telling the story and a documenter guiding the process. &#13;
&#13;
Collected since the founding of the RHP, this collection is growing and is open to researchers. &#13;
&#13;
All interviews have been digitized and are described in the catalog; only some of them have transcripts available. &#13;
&#13;
None of the interviews stream online.  To obtain access to an interview, you must request by contacting us directly, providing a brief description of your project and your research interests.  Our email address is:  info AT rainbowhistory DOT org&#13;
&#13;
One of our team will share the file from our Google Drive, and you can listen from home.  Please be sure to have "Music Player for Google Drive" enabled on your machine to play the recording.  www.driveplayer.com&#13;
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                  <text>To see all interviews in the collection, click on&#13;
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          <description>If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
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                <text>40s-90s</text>
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                <text>McCarthyism/"Lavender Scare," LGBT philanthropy, AIDS activism</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;Would you like access to this audio file?&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Fill out this &lt;a href="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScm76nkatHa6G4zBJS84vVWUMEtrSZha5NUE2cZeDJ7yOSMBQ/viewform"&gt;form&lt;/a&gt; or email oralhistories@rainbowhistory.org</text>
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        <name>1960s</name>
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        <name>1970s</name>
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        <name>1980s</name>
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        <name>1990s</name>
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        <name>Community Pioneers</name>
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        <name>Discrimination</name>
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        <name>HIV/AIDS</name>
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