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&#13;
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&#13;
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&#13;
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&#13;
One of our team will share the file from our Google Drive, and you can listen from home.  Please be sure to have "Music Player for Google Drive" enabled on your machine to play the recording.  www.driveplayer.com&#13;
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&#13;
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&#13;
Collected since the founding of the RHP, this collection is growing and is open to researchers. &#13;
&#13;
All interviews have been digitized and are described in the catalog; only some of them have transcripts available. &#13;
&#13;
None of the interviews stream online.  To obtain access to an interview, you must request by contacting us directly, providing a brief description of your project and your research interests.  Our email address is:  info AT rainbowhistory DOT org&#13;
&#13;
One of our team will share the file from our Google Drive, and you can listen from home.  Please be sure to have "Music Player for Google Drive" enabled on your machine to play the recording.  www.driveplayer.com&#13;
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                <text>This oral history belongs to the Rainbow History Project &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In this interview, Nancy discusses AA a few times in this interview. We have removed all mentions of AA in her public interview. Only AA members can access the uncensored version. For more information, please reach out to: &lt;a href="mailto:oralhistories@rainbowhistory.org"&gt;oralhistories@rainbowhistory.org&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Nancy Tucker moved with her family to the DC metro area in the late 1950s when her father was hired at the Pentagon. In 1966, while a student at Mary Washington University, Tucker learned of The Mattachine Society of Washington from gay newspapers coming out from San Francisco. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Upon turning twenty-one, Tucker applied for membership. At the time, the Mattachine Society preached concepts of civil libertarianism, in which homosexuals would receive their civil rights upon proving they were assimilated, upstanding citizens. However, the 1969 Stonewall riots (and the birth of the gay liberation movement) quickly began changing the face of gay&lt;br /&gt;activism in DC. During this time, The Mattachine Society of Washington asked Tucker if she would be the co-editor of a community newspaper for the DC gay community. Tucker agreed,&lt;br /&gt;and thus the famous Washington Blade was born. Tucker ran the Blade for several years–often as an entirely self-funded endeavor–and provided an invaluable resource to the DC gay&lt;br /&gt;community in the early 1970s. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Although Tucker was involved in various activist groups during this time (often through her role as editor of the Blade), she found it difficult to find her place in these burgeoning movements, as she was uncomfortable with both the radical separatism of the women’s liberation movement as well as the misogyny of majority-male groups such as the Gay Liberation Front. By the mid-70s, Tucker handed off the Blade to others in the community, and left the world of gay activism. Tucker became re-involved in the DC gay community in the late 1980s via the Gay Women’s Alternative (where she eventually became president), and helped organize their programming around the wildly popular topics of “sex and shrinks.” In her later years, Tucker moved to San Francisco with her partner, and ultimately retired in Albuquerque.</text>
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                  <text>Sheila Alexander-Reid, September 11, 1998&#13;
Wanda Alston, September 11, 1998&#13;
Beverly F. Baker, September 10, 1998&#13;
Lawrence R. Banks, Jr., June 5, 1998&#13;
Joan E. Biren (JEB), June 2, 1998&#13;
Warren Blumenfeld, June 5, 1998&#13;
“Michael Borchert,” May 31, 1994 and June 15, 1998&#13;
Darren Buckner, June 13, 1998&#13;
Earline Budd, June 21, 1998&#13;
Donald Burch, III, June 22, 1999&#13;
Carlene Cheatam, June 4, 1998&#13;
Kwabena Rainey Cheeks, June 3, 1998&#13;
Lou Chibbaro, Jr., June 5, 1998&#13;
Countess Clarke, November 4, 2000&#13;
Tracey Conaty, May 27, 1998&#13;
Darryl Cooper, September 24, 1998&#13;
Ruby Corado, June 24, 2013&#13;
Mindy Daniels, May 22, 1998&#13;
Carol Anne Douglas, June 3, 1998&#13;
Larry Duckette, August 8, 1998 and October 5, 1999&#13;
Roy Eddey, September 6, 1998&#13;
Mary Farmer, August 6, 1998&#13;
Gideon Ferebee, Jr., October 9, 2000&#13;
Michael Ferri, June 20, 1998&#13;
“Haviland Ferris,” May 16, 1994 and May 21, 1998&#13;
Barney Frank, May 22, 1998&#13;
Jack Frey and Peter Morris, March 22, 1994&#13;
“Richard Galvin,” January 12, 1995&#13;
Gil Gerald, January 30, 2013&#13;
Theresa Gilchrist, June 15, 1999&#13;
Letitia Gomez, July 3, 1998&#13;
Jim Graham, May 26, 1998&#13;
Jaime Grant, June 2, 1998&#13;
Pat Hamilton, January 13, 1995&#13;
Reginald Harris, November 10, 2000&#13;
“Scott Harrison,” June 2, 1994&#13;
Diane Herz, June 27, 1998&#13;
Susan Hester, August 11, 1998&#13;
Leonard Hirsch, May 30, 1998&#13;
Meryl Hooker, June 2, 1998&#13;
Craig Howell, June 9, 1998&#13;
Chi Hughes, July 1, 1999&#13;
Louis Hughes, December 21, 2000&#13;
Loraine Hutchins, April 3, 1998&#13;
Sue Hyde, June 26, 1998&#13;
Edward James, May 25, 1994&#13;
Ralph Jarnagin, June 6, 1994&#13;
“Boots Johns,” July 14, 1997&#13;
Cary Alan Johnson, May 27, 1998&#13;
Sharen Shaw Johnson, August 7, 1998&#13;
ABilly S. Jones, June 15, 1999&#13;
Wayson Jones, June 27, 1998&#13;
“Andy Jordan,” May 29, 1998&#13;
Frank Kameny, March 20, 1994 and June 6, 1998&#13;
Kenneth Kero-Mentz, December 20, 2012&#13;
Thomas “Dusty” Keyes, May 30, 1994 and May 23, 1998&#13;
Kris Kleeberg, June 25, 1998&#13;
Deb Kolodny, May 26, 1998&#13;
Paul Kuntzler, August 5, 1998&#13;
Steve Langley, September 25, 1999&#13;
Barbara Lewis, June 12, 1998&#13;
Deacon Maccubbin, May 27, 1998&#13;
V. Papaya Mann, June 23, 1999&#13;
Lindsay McBride, August 7, 1998&#13;
Monique Meadows, September 1, 1998&#13;
Dennis Medina, July 8, 1998&#13;
Susan Messina, September 10, 1998&#13;
Deb Morris, September 25, 1998&#13;
Jack Nichols, May 20, 1995 and June 18, 1998&#13;
Diana Onley-Campbell, June 1, 1998&#13;
“Edith Parker,” June 9, 1994 and June 1, 1998&#13;
Michelle Parkerson, June 1, 1998 and June 29, 1999&#13;
Bruce Pennington, June 15, 1998&#13;
Isaiah J. Poole, May 31, 1998&#13;
Chris Prince, July 1, 1998&#13;
Ted Richards, May 24, 1995 and May 31, 1998&#13;
Robert Ricks, May 19, 1995&#13;
Colin Robinson, November 5, 2000&#13;
Rick Rosendall, August 8, 1998&#13;
Michael Sainte-Andress, June 21, 1999&#13;
Yolanda Santiago, June 9, 1998&#13;
Ron Simmons, June 3, 1998&#13;
Michael Singerman, June 1, 1998&#13;
Esther Smith, June 9, 1994&#13;
Sabrina Sojourner, June 12, 1998&#13;
Cheryl Ann Spector, May 26, 1998&#13;
James P. Theis, June 4, 1998&#13;
Thurlow Tibbs, May 24, 1994&#13;
“M. Tilden-Morgan,” May 23, 1994 and May 25, 1998&#13;
Jane Troxell, June 3, 1998&#13;
Nancy Tucker, June 19, 1998&#13;
Otto H. Ulrich, Jr., May 24, 1995 and May 23, 1998&#13;
Urvashi Vaid, December 17, 1998&#13;
Robert Michael Vanzant, May 25, 1998&#13;
Lilli Vincenz, June 6, 1998&#13;
Anne Vonhof, January 9, 2013&#13;
Ann Wachtel, May 30, 1998&#13;
 “Ed Wallace,” May 25, 1994 and June 4, 1998&#13;
“Robert Wayne,” June 10, 1998&#13;
Courtney Williams, July 15, 1999&#13;
Jessica Xavier, April 2, 1998 and June 3, 1998&#13;
Michael Yarr, September 13, 1998&#13;
Bill Youngblood, June 1, 1994 and May 26, 1998&#13;
Amelie Zurn, May 28, 1998&#13;
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                <text>This is an Oral History interview taken by Genny Beemyn for their book "A Queer Capital: a History of Gay Life in Washington D.C." They have donated their interviews to the Rainbow History Project.</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;Interested in listening to this audio?&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Email &lt;a href="mailto:oralhistories@rainbowhistory.org"&gt;oralhistories@rainbowhistory.org&lt;/a&gt; for access</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;In this interview, Jewish lesbian activist Cheryl Ann Spector talks about her involvement in queer and HIV/AIDS activism in DC throughout the 1980s and 1990s. She describes how her journey with queer organizing first began in 1987, when she was invited to plan and attend the Second National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights. Although Spector was a young lesbian involved in DC’s LGBT scene, she had not previously been involved in queer organizing before the march. However, her brother’s suicide in 1985 due to AIDS spurred her to become politically active and join the organizing committee for the 1987 March on Washington. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;The march, which she describes as a life-changing event, led to her co-founding OUT, (“Oppression Under Target”), a DC-based gay, lesbian, and AIDS direct action group. OUT led various creative and impactful actions around DC to protest discriminatory laws and attitudes towards LGBT people and bring awareness to the AIDS epidemic. Notably, in 1988 OUT joined forces with ACT UP chapters from around the country to take control of the FDA building (“Seize Control of the FDA”), and demand faster research and development of AIDS drugs. Spector, who worked in television, often videotaped and photographed these actions. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;As AIDS organizing grew in DC, Spector describes how she became involved with more queer activist groups, such as the new ACT UP DC chapter and Queer Nation. Some of these groups’ notable actions include “Storm the NIH” in 1990, “The 17th Street High Heel Race,” “Walk Without Fear,” and more. Spector points out that much of this activism was entirely grassroots and self-funded. For example, she describes how the activists would collect extra needles from diabetic friends to host needle exchanges, and buy the condoms and saran wrap themselves to create safe sex kits. Spector contrasts this culture of radical grassroots organizing with the professionalized, “assimilated” LGBT world of the late 90s. She expresses disappointment that she and many of her radical activist friends now cannot find employment at the LGBT centers that grew out of their activism. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;However, Spector describes her excitement to be a member of the renewed DC Lesbian Avenger chapter, and to be witnessing a new generation of activists leading the charge for the upcoming “Dyke March.” Although she acknowledges that the activism of the late 80s and early 90s has decreased, she declares her belief in the power of the DC LGBT community, as well as the power of DC activism itself—where the local and national can join together. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Sheila Alexander-Reid, September 11, 1998&#13;
Wanda Alston, September 11, 1998&#13;
Beverly F. Baker, September 10, 1998&#13;
Lawrence R. Banks, Jr., June 5, 1998&#13;
Joan E. Biren (JEB), June 2, 1998&#13;
Warren Blumenfeld, June 5, 1998&#13;
“Michael Borchert,” May 31, 1994 and June 15, 1998&#13;
Darren Buckner, June 13, 1998&#13;
Earline Budd, June 21, 1998&#13;
Donald Burch, III, June 22, 1999&#13;
Carlene Cheatam, June 4, 1998&#13;
Kwabena Rainey Cheeks, June 3, 1998&#13;
Lou Chibbaro, Jr., June 5, 1998&#13;
Countess Clarke, November 4, 2000&#13;
Tracey Conaty, May 27, 1998&#13;
Darryl Cooper, September 24, 1998&#13;
Ruby Corado, June 24, 2013&#13;
Mindy Daniels, May 22, 1998&#13;
Carol Anne Douglas, June 3, 1998&#13;
Larry Duckette, August 8, 1998 and October 5, 1999&#13;
Roy Eddey, September 6, 1998&#13;
Mary Farmer, August 6, 1998&#13;
Gideon Ferebee, Jr., October 9, 2000&#13;
Michael Ferri, June 20, 1998&#13;
“Haviland Ferris,” May 16, 1994 and May 21, 1998&#13;
Barney Frank, May 22, 1998&#13;
Jack Frey and Peter Morris, March 22, 1994&#13;
“Richard Galvin,” January 12, 1995&#13;
Gil Gerald, January 30, 2013&#13;
Theresa Gilchrist, June 15, 1999&#13;
Letitia Gomez, July 3, 1998&#13;
Jim Graham, May 26, 1998&#13;
Jaime Grant, June 2, 1998&#13;
Pat Hamilton, January 13, 1995&#13;
Reginald Harris, November 10, 2000&#13;
“Scott Harrison,” June 2, 1994&#13;
Diane Herz, June 27, 1998&#13;
Susan Hester, August 11, 1998&#13;
Leonard Hirsch, May 30, 1998&#13;
Meryl Hooker, June 2, 1998&#13;
Craig Howell, June 9, 1998&#13;
Chi Hughes, July 1, 1999&#13;
Louis Hughes, December 21, 2000&#13;
Loraine Hutchins, April 3, 1998&#13;
Sue Hyde, June 26, 1998&#13;
Edward James, May 25, 1994&#13;
Ralph Jarnagin, June 6, 1994&#13;
“Boots Johns,” July 14, 1997&#13;
Cary Alan Johnson, May 27, 1998&#13;
Sharen Shaw Johnson, August 7, 1998&#13;
ABilly S. Jones, June 15, 1999&#13;
Wayson Jones, June 27, 1998&#13;
“Andy Jordan,” May 29, 1998&#13;
Frank Kameny, March 20, 1994 and June 6, 1998&#13;
Kenneth Kero-Mentz, December 20, 2012&#13;
Thomas “Dusty” Keyes, May 30, 1994 and May 23, 1998&#13;
Kris Kleeberg, June 25, 1998&#13;
Deb Kolodny, May 26, 1998&#13;
Paul Kuntzler, August 5, 1998&#13;
Steve Langley, September 25, 1999&#13;
Barbara Lewis, June 12, 1998&#13;
Deacon Maccubbin, May 27, 1998&#13;
V. Papaya Mann, June 23, 1999&#13;
Lindsay McBride, August 7, 1998&#13;
Monique Meadows, September 1, 1998&#13;
Dennis Medina, July 8, 1998&#13;
Susan Messina, September 10, 1998&#13;
Deb Morris, September 25, 1998&#13;
Jack Nichols, May 20, 1995 and June 18, 1998&#13;
Diana Onley-Campbell, June 1, 1998&#13;
“Edith Parker,” June 9, 1994 and June 1, 1998&#13;
Michelle Parkerson, June 1, 1998 and June 29, 1999&#13;
Bruce Pennington, June 15, 1998&#13;
Isaiah J. Poole, May 31, 1998&#13;
Chris Prince, July 1, 1998&#13;
Ted Richards, May 24, 1995 and May 31, 1998&#13;
Robert Ricks, May 19, 1995&#13;
Colin Robinson, November 5, 2000&#13;
Rick Rosendall, August 8, 1998&#13;
Michael Sainte-Andress, June 21, 1999&#13;
Yolanda Santiago, June 9, 1998&#13;
Ron Simmons, June 3, 1998&#13;
Michael Singerman, June 1, 1998&#13;
Esther Smith, June 9, 1994&#13;
Sabrina Sojourner, June 12, 1998&#13;
Cheryl Ann Spector, May 26, 1998&#13;
James P. Theis, June 4, 1998&#13;
Thurlow Tibbs, May 24, 1994&#13;
“M. Tilden-Morgan,” May 23, 1994 and May 25, 1998&#13;
Jane Troxell, June 3, 1998&#13;
Nancy Tucker, June 19, 1998&#13;
Otto H. Ulrich, Jr., May 24, 1995 and May 23, 1998&#13;
Urvashi Vaid, December 17, 1998&#13;
Robert Michael Vanzant, May 25, 1998&#13;
Lilli Vincenz, June 6, 1998&#13;
Anne Vonhof, January 9, 2013&#13;
Ann Wachtel, May 30, 1998&#13;
 “Ed Wallace,” May 25, 1994 and June 4, 1998&#13;
“Robert Wayne,” June 10, 1998&#13;
Courtney Williams, July 15, 1999&#13;
Jessica Xavier, April 2, 1998 and June 3, 1998&#13;
Michael Yarr, September 13, 1998&#13;
Bill Youngblood, June 1, 1994 and May 26, 1998&#13;
Amelie Zurn, May 28, 1998&#13;
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                <text>This is an Oral History interview taken by Genny Beemyn for their book "A Queer Capital: a History of Gay Life in Washington D.C." They have donated their interviews to the Rainbow History Project.</text>
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                <text>&lt;strong&gt;Interested in listening to this audio?&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Email oralhistories@rainbowhistory.org for access</text>
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                <text>In this interview, Louis Hughes, a native Baltimorean, recounts his experiences within DC’s African-American LGBTQ community during the 1970s and 1980s. Hughes, who came out in&lt;br /&gt;the mid-1970s, soon discovered Washington to be an exciting center of African-American gay life. Hughes joined many other Black Baltimoreans who were involved in gay activism and&lt;br /&gt;community life in DC. He routinely commuted to DC to dance at the famed ClubHouse, and discover innovative Black artists at the ENIKAlley Coffeehouse (such as Thurlow Tibbs and Essex Hemphill). He also served as co-chair of the National Black Coalition of Black Lesbians and Gays, organized the 1979 Third World Lesbian and Gay Conference, and advised Howard&lt;br /&gt;University’s pioneering gay-rights student organization Lambda Alliance. Later, he refocused his activism within Baltimore, working on a gay rights bill at the Baltimore City Council, and serving as a peer advisor at Morgan State University. By the end of the interview, Hughes laments the loss of historic LGBTQ spots in DC, and wonders if DC culture is inherently more superficial and fleeting than the more deep-rooted community organizations that grow within Baltimore.</text>
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                <text>A lifelong DC resident, Ra Amin discovered D.C.’s LGBTQ community while a student at University of Maryland in the 1980s through bars like Tracks, Lost and Found, and Badlands. This led him to discover the city’s Black LGBTQ community at Bachelor’s Mill and he attended the first Black Pride in 1991 at Banneker Field. During the HIV-AIDS epidemic, Amin worked for the DC Department of Corrections and Department of Health working with communities most affected by HIV-AIDS. Through this work, he became a trained massage therapist and partnered with Whitman-Walker Health and Us Helping Us to provide massage therapy for people living with and treating HIV and AIDS. After a bicycle accident left him unable to work in 2015, he rededicated himself to community involvement and living authentically as part of the LGBTQ+ community. He became an Advisory Neighborhood Commissioner and member of the ANC Rainbow Caucus and a volunteer with the Rainbow History Project.</text>
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                <text>the artistic community in Washington, DC; the African-American gay artistic community in Washington, DC; Black and White Men Together; Brother Help Thyself; Station to Station performance poetry group; poet Chasen Gaver; the relationship of art and activism; playback theater.</text>
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                <text>Gregory Ford has been an active member of DC's theater and performance community since he came here to study theater in 1972. Originally from California, Mr. Ford went to college in Santa Fe, New Mexico before coming to DC to study theater at Catholic University. Though he did not finish the program at Catholic University, he stayed active as a performance poet and was a founding member of the Station to Station group of gay African-American poets which included Essex Hemphill. Mr. Ford was also in a romantic relationship with the poet Chasen Gaver. More recently, Mr. Ford has taken up playback theater, and has sometimes lead a group of HIV+ African-American playback performers.</text>
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&#13;
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&#13;
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                <text>1970s to present.&#13;
&#13;
Richard Allen Davis was born in St. Paul Minnesota in 1948 and was raised in what he describes as a “nominally Methodist” family in the Twin Cities area. Davis accepted that he was a gay man in 1973 while he was attending law school at the University of Minnesota. By the summer of 1973 was publicly “out”. &#13;
&#13;
After completing law school Davis volunteered with Minnesota gay rights activist Stephen Endean and was active in the campaign to support a 1978 ordinance prohibiting discrimination against gays and lesbians in St. Paul. When the voters of St. Paul that ordinance in a referendum Endean became convinced that state level progress was no longer possible in Minnesota. Endean moved to DC to become the Director of the Gay Rights National Lobby (GRNL), hiring Davis to work for him as the head of Right to Privacy Foundation - an organization tasked with performing research and analysis in support of the Gay Rights National Lobby’s efforts. Steve Endean was forced out of the Directorship in 1983, and Davis left the Right to Privacy Foundation shortly afterward. He remained in Washington DC, working for the Library of Congress’ Congressional Research Service until his retirement in 2010.&#13;
&#13;
Davis was introduced to DC gay community by Endean, who had formed many connections with the community through his work as an activist. Davis quickly became an active participant in the community socially. Davis has been a member of several Washington-area gay social organizations, including The Washington Bridge (an Asian/Non-Asian gay men’s social club that later became Asians and Friends Washington) from 1983 to 1992, and DC Lambda Squares (a gay and lesbian Contra Dancing/ Country and Western Line Dancing group) from the late 1980s until 1999. Davis has also been an active member of Bet Mishpachah (an LGBT Synagogue in the Dupont Circle area) and All Souls Unitarian Universalist Church in Mount Pleasant.&#13;
&#13;
Davis was involved in competitive swimming from 1970 to 1999, starting in his junior year of college. After moving to Washington DC he joined the DC Aquatics Club (DCAC), an all gay US Masters Swimming team that competed in local and national events. With the DCAC, Davis competed in the Gay Games in 1982, 1986, 1990, 1994, and 1998 winning two medals: a bronze medal in the 100 Yard Mixed Medley Relay in 1982 and a gold medal in the Individual 200 Yard Breaststroke in 1986. &#13;
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In 2007 Davis auditioned for and was accepted as a member of the Gay Men’s Chorus of Washington DC. He remains a part of the organization to this day.&#13;
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Davis relates a number of remembrances from his time in these groups, especially his experiences competing in the Gay Games where he met and befriended swimmer Jay Frisette who went on to be elected to the Arlington County Council.&#13;
&#13;
Davis shares his memories of gay bars and social centers in Washington DC in the 80s and 90s, including the Lambda Rising bookstore, Annie’s Paramount Steakhouse, The Lost and Found, Tracks, The Fraternity House (later Omega), and the Chesapeake House. &#13;
&#13;
Other topics discussed include the anxiety of the early days of the AIDS epidemic and how it affected every part of the gay community of the time and the ways that he believes the LGBT community of Washington DC has changed since the 1980s.&#13;
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&#13;
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&#13;
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&#13;
One of our team will share the file from our Google Drive, and you can listen from home.  Please be sure to have "Music Player for Google Drive" enabled on your machine to play the recording.  www.driveplayer.com&#13;
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Collected since the founding of the RHP, this collection is growing and is open to researchers. &#13;
&#13;
All interviews have been digitized and are described in the catalog; only some of them have transcripts available. &#13;
&#13;
None of the interviews stream online.  To obtain access to an interview, you must request by contacting us directly, providing a brief description of your project and your research interests.  Our email address is:  info AT rainbowhistory DOT org&#13;
&#13;
One of our team will share the file from our Google Drive, and you can listen from home.  Please be sure to have "Music Player for Google Drive" enabled on your machine to play the recording.  www.driveplayer.com&#13;
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                <text>Michael Sainte-Andress is a Black gay artist, performer, and community figure who was born in Seattle, raised in Houston, Texas, and later moved to Washington, D.C., in the mid‑1970s after serving in the U.S. Navy. In this interview, he reflects on his experience being openly gay in the Navy during the early 1970s.&#13;
&#13;
He also discusses his involvement in Washington’s theater scene, where he performed primarily in musicals and drew on his background in dance. Beyond the stage, he offers a vivid account of Black gay culture in the 1970s and 1980s, recalling popular venues such as the Club House and the Coffee House—a Black gay artistic space where he performed introspective, theatrical poetry. He describes the Coffee House as a vital incubator for community, consciousness, and creative expression, a formative environment that helped cultivate a collective identity distinct from the mainstream white gay movement.</text>
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&#13;
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&#13;
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&#13;
One of our team will share the file from our Google Drive, and you can listen from home.  Please be sure to have "Music Player for Google Drive" enabled on your machine to play the recording.  www.driveplayer.com&#13;
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                <text>Keith Clark provides us with a bit of narration of his early life in the DMV area, first arriving in Baltimore back in 83’ for an internship, and then shortly making way to DuPont Circle just two years later. The DC area is where Keith makes his permanent move as he expresses that the quality of people allowed for a most comfortable stay. When not working at the architecture firm, he spent a good deal of time making friends at the gym where the population of other gay men had been plentiful. Keith also expresses that DC had a way of making politics more interesting and enjoyable for him. Around this time is when the aid crisis began to take flame as well. Keith had lost many friends to such, and later would find that he had become infected himself. Depression has struck Keith many times. He feared his inevitable death, as well as the death of his friends/acquaintances. Nonetheless, Keith continued to volunteer, first with HRC, then participating in the aid walk, and many more events thereafter. Eventually there was a time when Keith started his own volunteer opportunities, and then he felt that he must consider things for himself. Kieth started “One in 10” and began to sell high-end clothing so that he could begin saving up enough to prepare for a time when working may not be much of a choice anymore due to his illness. </text>
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&#13;
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&#13;
Collected since the founding of the RHP, this collection is growing and is open to researchers. &#13;
&#13;
All interviews have been digitized and are described in the catalog; only some of them have transcripts available. &#13;
&#13;
None of the interviews stream online.  To obtain access to an interview, you must request by contacting us directly, providing a brief description of your project and your research interests.  Our email address is:  info AT rainbowhistory DOT org&#13;
&#13;
One of our team will share the file from our Google Drive, and you can listen from home.  Please be sure to have "Music Player for Google Drive" enabled on your machine to play the recording.  www.driveplayer.com&#13;
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&#13;
One of our team will share the file from our Google Drive, and you can listen from home.  Please be sure to have "Music Player for Google Drive" enabled on your machine to play the recording.  www.driveplayer.com&#13;
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Gay experience, SMYAL, interracial relationships</text>
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                <text>In part one, Chuck Goldfarb discusses his experiences as an openly gay federal worker in the 1970s and 1980s when there were regulations against homosexuals working in the government. Chuck also talks about the first gay pride and his experiences with the Gay Switchboard, Black and White Men Together, SMYAL, Asians and Friends, and the SHARE Project. Chuck was extremely involved in various community organizations. For the Gay Switchboard, he was a facilitator for several years. Chuck discusses a split within the Gay Switchboard group over the need for more formal training for the volunteers and the challenges with intersectionality at the Gay Switchboard. &#13;
&#13;
In the 1980s, Chuck became involved in Black and White Men Together (BWMT) around the same time when the discrimination response system had been put in place. Chuck discusses the people who were working at BWMT that he got to work with, such as Chris Bates, Jim Mercer, and Bruce Pennington. He briefly touches upon the tension that existed between the local and national association of BWMT in terms of how politically radical they were. &#13;
&#13;
Chuck describes the major changes happening to the gay community at the beginnings of the AIDS Epidemic and the resources available in the Washington D.C. area, such as Whitman Walker Clinic. He goes on to discuss how the Whitman Walker Clinic was pushed to be more open to Black people, since it was primarily serving white men. Chuck was also heavily involved with AIDS related research, specifically the SHARE Project out of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore MD which conducted essential AIDS epidemiological study with over a thousand participants. He discusses both his participation in the SHARE Project as well as his role on the Community Advisory Board reviewing and approving questionnaires.  &#13;
&#13;
Overall, Chuck discusses building his career in Washington D.C. and getting involved in the gay community, including being involved with and serving in leadership positions at several local organizations.    &#13;
&#13;
In part two, Chuck continues to discuss his work with local organizations, primarily focusing on SMYAL and Asians and Friends. He got involved with SMYAL through the founders Stefan Wade and Robert Hartman. SMYAL was formed to support sexual minority youth in response to criminalization and hospitalization of gender non-conforming youth. Chuck discusses the challenges with working with a youth advocacy organization, including concern over adults volunteering and homophobia. He discusses how from the beginning of SMYAL, leadership was cognizant of the need to have strict rules in place to protect the volunteers, the organization, and youth from abuse allegations. &#13;
&#13;
Chuck describes the demographics of the youth that SMYAL served and the various ways they tried to publicize SMYAL through school newspapers. He acknowledges that SMYAL, while successful in having a racially diverse youth audience, struggled with serving youth across social classes. Chuck emphasizes that the struggle of serving youth across social classes was not an issue limited to SMYAL, but an issue inherent in American society. &#13;
&#13;
In the 1990s, Chuck became involved with Asians and Friends. Unlike with other organizations, Chuck decided to only be involved with Asians and Friends as a member not as a leader within the organization. That was mainly due to the core function of Asians and Friends being social not political. When discussing Asians and Friends, Chuck draws connections between them and Black and White Men Together. Additionally, he describes a tension between interracial organizations and all Black or all Asian organizations. While some organizations wanted to work with all Black or all Asian organizations, there was also tension and some organizations did not want to work with them.&#13;
&#13;
In addition to discussing the organizations Chuck was involved with, he also describes an annual Halloween party he held for several years starting in the 1980s. He discusses doing drag for the first time, at the urging of his friend Phillip Wright, and costumes people would wear to his parties. While discussing drag and dressing up, he notes that it is a liberating experience and that his parties created spaces where people could express themselves.&#13;
&#13;
In part three, Chuck discusses his friendship with Simon Nkoli, an anti-apartheid and gay rights activist in South Africa. Chuck became friends with Simon through a tour he did with the National Association of Black and White Men Together. In the 1990s Chuck traveled to South Africa for the first time, where he was able to reconnect with Simon and attend the first AIDS awareness event in South Africa. Chuck discusses Simon’s activism in South Africa and when he came to the US. Throughout the years, Chuck and Simon maintained their friendship and visited each other in South Africa and the US. Chuck describes how Simon was always interested in coming to SMYAL when visiting DC and talking with youth. Finally, Chuck discusses his passion for working with local organizations because of the importance of community. &#13;
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&#13;
Collected since the founding of the RHP, this collection is growing and is open to researchers. &#13;
&#13;
All interviews have been digitized and are described in the catalog; only some of them have transcripts available. &#13;
&#13;
None of the interviews stream online.  To obtain access to an interview, you must request by contacting us directly, providing a brief description of your project and your research interests.  Our email address is:  info AT rainbowhistory DOT org&#13;
&#13;
One of our team will share the file from our Google Drive, and you can listen from home.  Please be sure to have "Music Player for Google Drive" enabled on your machine to play the recording.  www.driveplayer.com&#13;
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                <text>In 2009, Cheryl was named a Community Pioneer. &lt;a href="https://rainbowhistory.omeka.net/exhibits/show/pioneers/2009awardees/spector" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;You can read her online biography&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Consult her public &lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheryl_Spector" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Wikipedia page&lt;/a&gt;. [external link]</text>
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                <text>Spector, originally from Toms River, New Jersey, moved to DC in 1976 to attend American University. Although Spector was a self-described “straight girl” during her college years, she nonetheless enjoyed going out to LGBT clubs such as The Pier and The Clubhouse for the disco and funk music. During this time Spector also learned that her brother Stan was gay, and enjoyed spending time with him and his long-distance boyfriend when Stan would visit them in DC.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;After college, Spector began working at DC’s Channel Five. It was during this time that Spector was first introduced to the lesbian community by coworkers and friends, and began to realize&lt;br /&gt;her own attraction to women. Spector came out in 1983, and threw herself into the DC LGBT scene, spending her weekends partying and DJing at clubs such as The Phase, Hung Jury,&lt;br /&gt;Tracks, and The Other Side, and involving herself in lesbian groups such as The Gay Women’s Alternative and Roadwork.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 1984, Cheryl’s brother Stan was diagnosed with AIDS, and took his life a year later. Her brother’s death spurred Spector to become involved in queer and HIV/AIDS activism in DC, and&lt;br /&gt;in 1987 Spector joined the local planning committee for The Second National March on Washington for Gay and Lesbian Rights. After the march, Spector helped co-found OUT&lt;br /&gt;(“Oppression Under Target”), and subsequently participated in various actions around DC protesting anti-LGBT discrimination and demanding the government acknowledge the AIDS&lt;br /&gt;crisis. Spector later also became involved with the DC chapters of ACT UP and Queer Nation, and continued finding new and creative ways to protest the government’s inaction, spread&lt;br /&gt;awareness about safe sex, and criticize anti-LGBT legislation. Spector often used her public relations and media expertise to document and promote these actions.</text>
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Want access to this audio file?&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Please email &lt;a href="mailto:oralhistories@rainbowhistory.org"&gt;oralhistories@rainbowhistory.org&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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