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&#13;
None of the interviews stream online.  To obtain access to an interview, you must request by contacting us directly, providing a brief description of your project and your research interests.  Our email address is:  info AT rainbowhistory DOT org&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>Jeff DiGregorio is a gay man from Arizona, where he resided along with his father who had taken up a career in the Air Force. In Jeff’s early 20s, he had taken up a career in architecture. He had originally been stationed in a department in Arizona but had received word of an opportunity in DC. Sadly, his carrer takes a turn when it is brough to his attention upon arrival that the department he wished to work for would not except him as the openly gay man his presented himself as. Jeff had been shocked by the way he had been treated because his gender identification had not been a problem at all back in Arizona. He grew concerned about how he would make a living. Eventually Jeff began making significant strides as far as aquainting himself with local gays and supporters of the LGBT community. While doing so he realized that it was time to stop trying to promote/help himself and start helping others who were like him. Jeff speaks to how Arlington Gay and Lesbian Alliance (AGLA) had opened his mind to many aspects of life/humanities, emphasizsing his appreciation for the transgender communtiy in particular as well.</text>
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Interested in accessing the audio file?&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Please email &lt;a href="mailto:oralhistories@rainbowhistory.org"&gt;oralhistories@rainbowhistory.org&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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&#13;
Collected since the founding of the RHP, this collection is growing and is open to researchers. &#13;
&#13;
All interviews have been digitized and are described in the catalog; only some of them have transcripts available. &#13;
&#13;
None of the interviews stream online.  To obtain access to an interview, you must request by contacting us directly, providing a brief description of your project and your research interests.  Our email address is:  info AT rainbowhistory DOT org&#13;
&#13;
One of our team will share the file from our Google Drive, and you can listen from home.  Please be sure to have "Music Player for Google Drive" enabled on your machine to play the recording.  www.driveplayer.com&#13;
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                <text>Don Crisostomo is a native of Bethesda, MD, who came out in high school, was active in the Gay Student Alliance, Gay Men's VD Clinic, the Gay and Lesbian Alliance, the Couples Support Group and ENLACE.  He founded the Suburban Maryland Gay and Lesbian Alliance and worked to get non-discrimination ordinance passed in Montgomery County. He also led the GAPIN-DC, the Gay Asian Pacific Islander Network.</text>
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                <text>In 2023, Crisostomo donated the GAPIN banner to RHP. The banner was created for the 1993 March on Washington and was used in the 1994 Stonewall 25 March in New York City, and at subsequent Pride events in DC. The banner was in Crisostomo's possession since the 1993 March until its donation to RHP.&#13;
&#13;
Photographs shown in interview (scans from originals held by Crisostomo):&#13;
The first photo is me at DC Pride 1994 with the GAPIN banner.&#13;
The next photo is me and friends from NYC at the Stonewall 25 March carrying the GAPIN banner.&#13;
The third photo is the Gay Asian Support Network (GAPSN) Los Angeles banner carried in the Stonewall 25 March.&#13;
The last photo is from the Rice Conference in NYC held during Stonewall 25, This national conference was sponsored by the Gay Asian Men of New York (GAPIMNY) group.</text>
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                <text>Don Miguel Crisostomo was born in Bethesda, Maryland, in 1952. His parents are Filipino (father) and Russian Jewish (mother); he was raised Catholic and practices some Judaism and also Buddhism. In 1970, during his senior year in high school, he gave a speech on gay rights and came out to his class and wrote “Legalize Homosexuality” on the chalkboard. He briefly studied dentistry in the Philippines (to avoid the Vietnam War draft), and returned to DC in 1972 to attend the University of Maryland College Park. He became active in the Gay Student Alliance and coordinated to bring Frank Kameny and Craig Howell, the then-president of the Gay Activists Alliance, to speak at UMD. He joined their efforts and traveled to New York for the 1976 Gay Pride March. He volunteered at the Gay Men’s VD Clinic on Wisconsin Avenue where he met Leonard Matlovich, the ex-military activist and a fellow volunteer. He was also active in Bet Mishpachah, a group for gay Jews.  In 1980 he began a relationship with Robert Coggin and helped form the Suburban Maryland Gay and Lesbian Alliance. They worked together to pass the 1984 Montgomery County ordinance to prohibit discrimination on the grounds of sexuality; they also assisted with other counties and statewide efforts. Both Crisostomo and Coggin became active in the Couples Support Group, a social and support network for gay men in committed relationships. Together they marched in the 1988 Gay Pride parade, and their photograph appeared on the front of the Washington Post’s Metro Section (June 22, 1988). He volunteered with the NAMES Project AIDS Memorial Quilt. He then joined ENLACE and was recording secretary. After the November 1990 murder of Ana Maria Rosales, the Walk Without Fear annual marches took place; he spoke at the peace vigil about violence against Asians as both a representative of ENLACE and the Gay Asian Pacific Islander Network (GAPIN). In conjunction with the 1993 March on Washington, he organized the first national conference for Gay Asians to coincide with the march. He coordinated many groups from across the country to participate; it included a special forum for gay Asian women. GAPIN had a banner created for the march and Crisostomo inherited the banner when the previous leader left the group. They marched in the Stonewall 25 March in New York in 1994, and used the banner at other events. There was conflict with the Asians and Friends group surrounding the Asians-only focus of GAPIN and the non-exclusive nature of AF. In 1995 he relocated to San Francisco, where he was active in gay community affairs, especially AIDS activism and Asian support networks. In 2013 he moved to Albuquerque.  </text>
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                    <text>A discussion on the historic intersection between the LGBTQ+
community and the Metropolitan Police Department of
Washington, DC, with Earline Budd, Craig Howell, Mindy Daniels,
Dee Curry, Brett Parson, and Rayceen Pendarvis.

�Rainbow History Project
Our mission is to collect, preserve, and promote an active
knowledge of the history, arts, and culture relevant to sexually
diverse communities in metropolitan Washington DC.
Please visit our website for more information about our
organization and how to make a donation of historical items or
funds to support our efforts.
www.rainbowhistory.org
Rainbow History Project
P.O. Box 73176
Washington, DC 20056

�A NOTE ABOUT TONIGHT’S PROGRAM
As we gather tonight, we come with the understanding that there might be
dissonance related to a topic and panel such as this one.
As we prepare to engage in conversation around LGBTQ+ people and the police,
we acknowledge that this relationship has not always been a positive one - and to
many, a relationship is still lacking. From the 2016 FBI hate crimes statistics, the
Human Rights Campaign reported that thousands of law enforcement agencies
across the country did not submit hate crimes data, and 88% simply indicated that
no hate crimes had occurred in their city. Given our own lived experiences, we
know this is not the case.
Historically, police enforced anti-LGBTQ+ laws that banned “homosexual acts,”
cops raided bars and gathering spaces for LGBTQ+ people, and LGBTQ+ people
often resorted to policing themselves as a result of explicit dismissal from officers.
While police forces, including the Metropolitan Police Department, have created
units and divisions within their ranks, LGBTQ+ people have traditionally had little
or no agency when it comes to laws impacting our communities, neighborhoods,
and society at large.
And despite these internal affinity groups, we know that many LGBTQ+ people
still face significant discrimination as a result of police force(s) and policing.
While we engage in tonight’s panel in the spirit of capturing where we have come
from with regard to this topic, we do not engage in a way that minimizes or
dismisses the real threat toward and against LGBTQ+ people that continues today.
Thank you for being here tonight. We look forward to a thoughtful and important
conversation ahead.

�TONIGHT’S PROGRAM
6:30-8:30 pm
Panel discussion of the history of the relationship between the
LGBTQ+ community and the police
Moderator
Rayceen Pendarvis
Panelists
Earline Budd
Dee Curry
Mindy Daniels
Craig Howell
Brett Parson
8:30-9 pm
Post-Panel Reception
If you have questions for the panel, please submit your questions
in writing on cards provided at the reception desk.
If you enjoy tonight’s history panel, consider making a donation
to Rainbow History Project to support future LGBTQ+ history
events.

�OUR PANELISTS
Earline Budd
Earline Budd is a 60-year-old transgender woman constantly fighting to make a
difference in the lives of transgender people and other members of the lesbian, gay,
and bisexual (LGBT) community. Earline works as a Non-Medical Case Manager
at Helping Individual People Survive, (HIPS) in Washington DC, serving  
transgender, lesbian, gay/bisexual and other individuals. She is one of the founding
members and former Executive Director of Transgender Health Empowerment,
Inc. founded in 1996. Earline is the Executive Director of Empowering the
Transgender Community ETC, a new grassroots 501c(3) non-profit organization
which will provide an array of services for Transgender people in the DC area.
ETC’s mission is striving to serve, empower, support and save lives daily. For
more than 20 years, Earline has been a consultant to local and national
organizations concerned with cultural sensitivity in working with transgender
people. Some of the trainings have been for the Substance Abuse and Mental
Health Services Administration (SAMPSA), The Center for Substance Abuse
Prevention (CSAP), the Pennsylvania Mid Atlantic Training Center, the DC
Department of Health, DC Department of Corrections, DC Crime Victim Program,
The Community Partnership for the Prevention of Homelessness, DC shelter
providers, and many others. Earline has over 25 years of experience in working
with these special populations and those struggling with substance abuse, mental
health, homelessness and HIV/AIDS. Earline has two years of college and is eager
to continue her education in social work.
Earline is one of the District of Columbia's first transgender women to serve as a
Commissioner in the Office of Human Rights. Earline also serves as a liaison to
the DC Department of Corrections on transgender issues, and is a member of the
Department of Corrections Transgender Advisory Committee. Earline was selected
by the District of Columbia Recovery Advisory Council (DCRAC) as their first
recipient for the Purple Wave Community Service Award on September 24, 2016.
Earline describes her everyday hobby as wanting to just "Help Some Body."

�Dee Curry
Dee Curry is a long time community member and volunteer. She is a native
Washingtonian and has lived in DC for 95% of her life. She is a staunch advocate
and civil rights activist. She believes that ALL LIVES MATTER. She was recently
sworn in as a member of the Street Harassment Board under the current DC mayor.
She has been a member of the Ryan White Planning Council and she was one of
the Transgender leaders responsible for founding Transgenders Against
Discrimination and Defamation (TADD).
She is currently organizing and promoting a wellness initiative for Washington, DC
called Solutions2Wellness/And Still I Rise. This initiative culminates in an annual
wellness conference in November. She is currently a member of the Anti-Violence
Project. The purpose of this project is to give victims of violence a platform that
fosters recovery and healing. She has a long, storied and "complicated" history
with the Metropolitan Police Department. Although that relationship has not
always been the best, it is continuing to grow. They, and we, still have much work
to do.

Mindy Daniels
Mindy is originally from New York and relocated to the DC area as a researcher
with Time Life Books. She obtained her law degree from the George Washington
University National Law Center and then turned her attention to LGBT issues,
fighting for equal rights and protections under the law for her community.
A member of the Gay and Lesbian Activists Alliance (GLAA), she served as an
officer for several years and in 1991 became the second woman to lead GLAA.
While President, Mindy was heavily engaged in the campaigns that created
domestic partnership legislation and the long awaited reform of the District’s
sodomy laws.
At the same time, a surge in violent homophobic incidents in the city and issues of
police policy, highlighted by a police raid on a gay club and a near riot during the
1992 High Heel Drag Race, created a need for dialogue and policy making with the
Metropolitan Police Department. For several years, Mindy served as a liaison
between the LGBT community and local prosecutors and law enforcement. To
help protect the large numbers of men being arrested and convicted for indecent
exposure or engaging in same-sex public displays of their attractions, Mindy

�convinced prosecutors to extend the lesser penalty of diversion and community
service to first-time offenders. She convinced judges to include sexual orientation
in judicial surveys regarding bias in the court system.
Mindy worked with Gays and Lesbians Opposing Violence (GLOV) to pressure
police and prosecutors to stop their foot dragging in implementing the city’s BiasRelated Crimes Act of 1989. To bring greater attention to the issues involving
violence against LGBT persons she initiated Walk Without Fear. On November
15th, 1991, Mindy rallied more than 600 people at Dupont Circle to remember
local victims of bias-related crimes and create a public outcry for police and
prosecutors to put teeth into the law by including the words “bias-related” in
charging documents. Walk Without Fear became an annual event through the
1990s. Mindy herself was the victim of a bias-related crime.
The tragic death of Tyra Hunter, a transgender woman who was denied treatment
by the city’s EMS department in 1995, and the blatant discrimination within the
Fire/EMS Department against diversity trainer Kenda Kirby based on Kirby’s
sexual orientation and personal appearance, drew Mindy’s involvement. Kirby was
hired in 2003 as part of a civil settlement in Hunter’s death but was harassed and
blatantly discriminated against during her one-year tenure, prompting a five- yearlong lawsuit against the Department that was handled by Mindy and ultimately
won.
She has been the recipient of several community service awards, including Capital
Pride Hero and was named a Pioneer by the Rainbow History Project in 2009.

Craig Howell
Craig Howell is a native Washingtonian who has lived virtually his entire life in the
Metro DC area. He attended St. Anselm's Abbey High School in Northeast
Washington and then graduated from Georgetown University in 1967 with a degree
in economics. He was drafted into the Army in 1969 and spent most of his twoyear stint successfully preventing Viet Cong attacks in West Germany, for which
service he was awarded the Army Commendation Medal. He worked for many
years at the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, specializing in the economic
interpretation of inflation data. In 1994, he accepted an offer for early retirement
from the federal civil service, after helping to secure a new anti-discrimination
policy from the Department of Labor that explicitly banned employment
discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation.

�Craig joined what was then known as the Gay Activists Alliance of Washington
(now the Gay &amp; Lesbian Activists Alliance or GLAA) in October 1973 and became
GLAA's Vice President under President Cade Ware a few months later. He came
out to one and all in September 1974 when he testified before the D.C. City
Council denouncing homophobic policies and practices by the Metropolitan Police
Department and was subsequently interviewed by several local television stations.
That same year he helped to spearhead GLAA's Elections Project, as GLAA rated
every candidate for Mayor and Council. The following year he and his GLAA
colleagues successfully lobbied the newly-elected Council to abolish the MPD's
homophobic Prostitution, Perversion &amp; Obscenity (PPO) Squad and secured
$50,000 city government funding for what was then called the Gay Men's VD
Clinic. Craig appeared before the Council in July 1975 in support of legislation
that would have recognized same-sex marriages in the District--which wound up as
a rare legislative defeat. Craig served as GLAA President from October 1975
through September 1976. In 1977 and 1978, Craig was active in the efforts first to
enact the Human Rights Act of 1977 and then to defend it against an aggressive
drive to repeal it via the initiative process. Ultimately this led to the enactment of
legislation in 1979 to prohibit initiative or referendum votes that would be
inconsistent with our Human Rights Act.
In 1978, Craig was personally asked by Mayor Barry to compile a roster of openly
gay men and lesbians willing and able to serve on the District's various boards &amp;
commissions that Mayor Barry could appoint. Craig was involved with legislation
establishing the Civilian Complaint Review Board (CCRB) in 1980. In the late
70s and early 80s, Craig concentrated much of his energy on the effort to persuade
the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Council to recognize the Nazi persecution of
homosexual men as an integral part of the Holocaust Memorial Museum, then in
its initial planning stages.
Craig led GLAA's efforts to secure bigger budgets to reduce the massive case
backlog at what is now known as the Office of Human Rights. Ultimately, this led
to the establishment of OHR as an independent agency in the 1990s and the taming
of its chronic backlog. After the CCRB was prematurely abolished by the Council
in the mid-90s, Craig and others in GLAA worked with other civil liberties groups
to create a new agency with strengthened powers, the Office of Police Complaints.
Craig also serves as President of the Chrysalis Arts &amp; Culture Group of
Washington and as Woods (i.e., Hiking) Coordinator for the Adventuring LGBTQ+
Outdoors Club. In 2007 the Rainbow History Project named him a Gay Pioneer.

�Brett Parson
Brett Parson has been serving the Metropolitan Police Department, in Washington
D.C, (MPDC) for nearly 25 years and involved in Law Enforcement for over 30
years. He is currently assigned to the Executive Office of the Chief of Police,
where he oversees the department's Special Liaison Branch. He returned to this
position in December 2017, after a short detail to the Metropolitan Police
Department's Academy. Until April 2016, he was assigned to MPDC's Patrol
Services Bureau, in the city’s Sixth District, where he supervised the evening shift.
Prior to returning to patrol in September of 2009, he was assigned to the Executive
Office of the Chief of Police, where he commanded the department's Special
Liaison Unit (SLU) and was an assistant to Chief Cathy Lanier. Under Parson's
command were the department's four core liaison units (LGBT, Latino, Asian, and
Deaf and Hard of Hearing).
Even after leaving the Gay and Lesbian Liaison Unit (GLLU), he continued to
speak publicly regarding GLBT issues, and trains law enforcement in ways to
better serve the GLBTQ+ communities. Community members, law enforcement
and the media have recognized him as a national leader in GLBTQ-Police
relations. Brett is nationally and internationally recognized as a resource for
investigations involving crimes by, and against the GLBTQ communities and he
has spoken and taught in several other countries on the subject of providing diverse
policing, hate/bias crime enforcement and investigations and intimate partner
violence. In recognition of this unique work, the GLLU was named the winner of
the 2006 Innovations in American Government Award, by Harvard University's
Kennedy School of Government – Ashe Institute.
Brett received his B.A. (Criminal Justice/Spanish) from the University of
Maryland at College Park (Go Terps!). From 1991-1993 he pursued his M.A. at the
same school, studying Criminal Justice and Counseling. He is a certified POST
instructor in DC and Maryland. A native Washingtonian and current resident,
Brett's parents still live in the area, allowing him to unwind with family and lifelong friends.

�Rayceen Pendarvis
Rayceen Pendarvis is an emcee, columnist, social media personality, community
advocate, former Advisory Neighborhood Commissioner, and lifelong
Washingtonian.
Rayceen is host of The Ask Rayceen Show (first Wednesdays, March through
November, at HRC), a series of mixers (“Rayceen, Fix Me Up!”), monthly Reel
Affirmations film screenings, and regularly hosts events in conjunction with The
DC Center for the LGBT Community, DC Public Library, and DC Office on
Aging. In addition to a column in SWERV magazine, Rayceen is a frequent
contributor to EFNIKS.com and the magazines The Unleashed Voice and Q
Virginia. Rayceen is also a co-host of The SWERV Show, which can be seen on
ListenVisionLive.com every Wednesday at 10pm.
Known as the Queen of the Shameless Plug, the High Priestess of Love, and the
Goddess of DC, Rayceen has received numerous honors for nearly forty years of
community service. Some of Rayceen’s most recent recognitions include being a
Capital Pride Hero in 2016, a finalist in the Excellence in the Humanities category
of the Mayor’s Arts Awards in 2017, and receiving three nominations (Best Local
Influencer, Best Clergy, Best Transgender Advocate) in the Washington Blade’s
Best of Gay DC Readers’ Choice Awards 2018. Earlier this year, Rayceen was
named one of the Washington Blade’s Most Eligible Singles.
For more information about Rayceen Pendarvis, Team Rayceen, and The Ask
Rayceen Show, please visit Rayceen.com, TeamRayceen.eventbrite.com, and
AskRayceen.com

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                <text>Jessica (who uses the pronouns: she, her, hers) picked up where she left off in her interview with the Rainbow History Project in 1998. In the first half hour of this recording, Jessica describes the employment discrimination that she faced, due to her trans identity, in the late 90s and early 2000s. She also outlines her work as a trans political activist in the 90s including, but not limited to, her work with the Lesbian Avengers and GLAAD. &#13;
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&#13;
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&#13;
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&#13;
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          <description>If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="10731">
              <text>photograph : color</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
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    </itemType>
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      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="10720">
                <text>McDonald, Howell, Doughty holding Gay and Lesbian Activist Alliance sign at Gay Pride</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="10721">
                <text>Gay pride celebrations--Washington (D.C.)--1990</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="10722">
                <text>Dardano, Robert</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="10723">
                <text>Pride photographs of Robert Dardano</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="10724">
                <text>1990</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="809">
        <name>Gay and Lesbian Activists Alliance (GLAA)</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="8">
        <name>Gay Pride</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="424">
        <name>Photographs</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
