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                  <text>The year 1961 saw the creation of two of Washington's first organized LGBT groups, the Mattachine Society of Washington and the Oscars.  The Academy Awards of Washington, an amalgam of Oscars members and Awards Club (1965) members, incorporated in 1973 in Washington, DC, provides secure venues, mentoring, and a structure for female impersonators in the area.  It is one of the oldest and most enduring organizations in the nation to provide support for female impersonators.&#13;
&#13;
The Climate for Drag in the Sixties&#13;
 &#13;
Until 'Liz Taylor' created the Oscars in the autumn of 1961, drag performers and those aspiring to 'do drag' had no organized structure, no venues, and very little safety.  In the repressive atmosphere of the 1950s and 1960s, wearing drag was an invitation to scorn and physical danger.  Wearing drag was illegal in most southern states, and Washington DC was indeed southern in those days, though drag was never illegal in the district.  Still it invited arrest and persecution.  Public social spaces didn't allow drag (an ostracism that existed until well into the 1970s). Those who wanted to wear drag did it in the privacy of their homes or at private after hour parties.  Indeed, Liz Taylor's house parties at her Hollywood House on Monroe St. NW were legendary in their time. &#13;
Many clubs would not allow patrons in drag to enter, and few hosted drag shows.  The single exception was the Golden Key Club in North Beach, MD.  For other clubs, drag and drag shows were an option only during Halloween Week, which Mame Dennis calls "the high holy days of drag".  At Halloween, the Brown Derby, the Chicken Hut, Hide-a-way, Georgetown Grill, Johnnie's, and the Rendezvous organized drag contests.&#13;
&#13;
Creating a Safe Haven for Female Impersonators&#13;
 &#13;
Along with the Mattachine Society of Washington, the Oscars and the Awards Club were the very first organized groups for gays in the Washington area.  Recalling her vision for the Academies, Liz Taylor said "... I strived to mold an elite group of people whose social life would center around drag.  By creating parties and activities I knew that I would always be surrounded by people wanting to attend them... I knew that some form of drag group was necessary.  I had thought about it for a long time -- and suddenly I found the answer one evening on television -- the first time I saw an Awards show called the Oscars."  The first parties were held in various homes in Washington DC, which took on special names such as Blair House, Butterfield 8, Camelot, Hollywood House, Mintwood Place, Port Valada, Sand Piper, Taylor Lounge, and others.  In time, these house names became the names of 'drag houses', associations of female impersonators who participated in the social activities of the Academy Awards.  The first board members of the Academy were Lix Taylor (President), Bob Clauze, Prince Karl, Frankie, and 'Lena Horne'.&#13;
&#13;
Organization of the Academy&#13;
&#13;
The Academy's Houses in 1976&#13;
&#13;
The houses of the Academy over 30 years have included Beekman Place (led by 'Mame Dennis'), Butterfield 8 ('Liz Taylor's house), Maryland House (led by 'Patty Duke'), Henry Street (led by 'Fanny Brice'), Liberty House, Dragonwyck, Phoenix House (led by 'Jean Nate'), and Twelve Oaks (led by 'Mae Bush').&#13;
&#13;
In 1965, Jerry Buskirk and 'Vivien Leigh' led the formation of a second group, the Awards Club of Washington.  The Awards Club organized the International  Emmy Awards.  By 1968, many members of the first Academy were also members of the Awards Club.&#13;
&#13;
Bill Oates Jr. &amp;amp; Mame Dennis In May 1973 Bill Oates Jr. ("the Godfather") brokered an agreement creating the Academy Awards of Washington, led by 'Elizabeth Taylor', 'Mame Dennis', 'Patti Duke' and 'Fanny Brice'.  Beekman Place and Henry Street Houses rejoined the Academy at this time.  'Mame Dennis' (of Beekman Place), chosen as president in 1973, continues to lead the group.  Bill Oates, who became known as "The Godfather", helped put together the structure of the new group.   The original houses of the Academy Awards of Washington were Beekman Place, Butterfield 8, Henry Street, and Maryland House.  Liberty House (led by 'Edie Gorme') was added in 1974.&#13;
&#13;
In 1975, the Academy re-organized following a period of internal dispute.  The new organization included the houses of Beekman Place, Dragonwyck (of Hagerstown, MD), Henry Street, Maryland House, Phoenix House, and Twelve Oaks (of Norfolk and Richmond).&#13;
&#13;
In the 1960s, most hotels and clubs would not host drag events.  In its first years, the Academy held monthly contests at the short-lived Uptown Lounge in Cleveland Park.  It was at the Uptown that 'Liz Taylor' first did her long remembered rendition of "Letter to Daddy".&#13;
&#13;
'Fanny Brice's house, Henry Street, formed a drag performance show, Showstoppers, in 1971, which premiered at Georgetown's Trinity Theatre in September 1971.  In May 1972, the Showstoppers group participated in DC's first Gay Pride celebration with a show at George Washington University's Marvin Center. Showstoppers appeared at the Marvin Center from 1973 to 1981. Showstoppers endured for many years as a very popular annual production in Washington DC's GLBT community.&#13;
&#13;
Until 1968 when the Washington Hilton hosted the Black Pearl Awards, most events were held at the Cairo Hotel, Casino Royale, Dodge House, and the Palm Ballroom.  One of the first venues used by the Academy Awards after 1973 was the third floor area above the Hideaway and Louie's clubs at 9th and Pennsylvania NW. This third floor space became the Oscar's Eye Theatre and was used for most of the Academy and house functions.  In the 1970s, Academy members became involved in the Waaay Off Broadway theatre at 55 L St. SE.  Beekman place opened the theatre with its production of Cabaret.  The Academy held events at the Rogue, after the latter's move to 5th and K Streets NW.  In 1992, the former Waaay Off Broadway theatre became Club 55, and Academy events were invited to move there.  It is still the home of many Academy functions.  The Academy Awards holds events every Sunday from September through May at the Club 55,  55 L Street SE (formerly the location of the Waaay Off Broadway theatre).&#13;
&#13;
Protocols and Events&#13;
&#13;
From the beginning in 1961, the Academy has sponsored Oscars for Best Actress, Best Actor, Best Drag in a Series, President and First Lady, Mr and Miss Academy, Mr and Miss Showbusiness, Vice President and Vice Lady, New York Drama Critics Best Actor and Best Actress, Best Supporting Actor and Best Supporting Actress, and Mr and Miss Oscar.  In addition to regularly scheduled drag balls, the Academy's top annual pageants are those for Miss Gaye Universe-DC and Miss Gaye America-DC.  Monthly contests at Club 55 present Zodiac awards.  Annual special awards, such as the 'Lanie Kazan', recognize outstanding contributions to the community.&#13;
&#13;
At pageants, the order of appearance of award winners is strictly controlled by the Protocol. For some titles, the winners make make an entrance on stage.  Top awards, such as Miss Gaye America and Miss Gay Universe, are 'walking' awards entitling the winner to take a formal presentation walk on stage before the audience.&#13;
&#13;
'Fanny Brice', speaking to Bruce Pennington in a 1975 interview for Friends Radio talks about her first drag experience.  Brice was 'mother' of the Henry Street drag house and founder of the popular Showstoppers revue of the 1970s.</text>
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Robert Coggin. Series VI. &#13;
Mindy Daniels. Series XVI.&#13;
Deacon Maccubbin and Jim Bennett. Series XXVII.&#13;
Karen Pearson Brown.&#13;
Bruce Pennington. Series  IV.&#13;
Catherine Tuerk. 2013. Series XXX.&#13;
Tanner Wray and Karl Debus-Lopez. 2023&#13;
Jerry L. Wnuck, Estate. 2021.&#13;
Michelle Zavos. 2015.&#13;
Unknown Donors</text>
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Karen Pearson Brown.&#13;
Bruce Pennington. Series  IV.&#13;
Catherine Tuerk. 2013. Series XXX.&#13;
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&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;As a whole, these materials help document early post-Stonewall gay liberationist activities through the formation of the first organized gay group in DC after the Mattachine Society of Washington and the Homophile Social League.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vQ5V4e-qyJvsJVj6vzxet5t2uNWALUcNQhbUkPtD-w2qPRu3nVGyHUlUPpw-8wYDpPtzXLclEAa9XCt/pub" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;VIEW ONLINE FINDING AID&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;span&gt;Some items are available online. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Collection is available to &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;all people, by appointment, at &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.dchistory.org/research/"&gt;the DC History Center&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt; as &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;MS 0764 RHP, Series XVII. Materials are available for "fair use" and may be protected by copyright.&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                  <text>The first Gay Liberation Front was founded in New York City shortly after the June 1969 Stonewall riots, as an offshoot of the homophile group the Mattachine Society of New York.  The Gay Liberation Front was a revolutionary organization dedicated to overthrowing a sexist, racist, capitalistic society by joining in coalition with other oppressed social groups, such as women, African Americans, the working classes, Chicanos and Latinos, and American Indians.  It also asked participants to engage in self-examination, often facilitated in the form of consciousness-raising groups, to rid themselves of their own internalized self-hatred, sexism, racism, and classism.  &#13;
&#13;
The Washington DC version of the Gay Liberation Front (DC GLF) was founded following a letter to the editor of the underground newspaper The Quicksilver Times.  This letter appeared in the June 9th-June 19th, 1970 edition and was written by Michael Yarr, an Air Force veteran and participant in local anti-Vietnam War groups.  It protested the paper’s derogatory use of the word “sucks” in a headline and called for the foundation of a DC Gay Liberation Front.  David Aiken, a local gay man who would go on to serve as Washington correspondent for The Advocate, work on the local LGBT Friends radio show from 1973-1982, chair the Washington Area Gay Community Council in the mid-1970s, and found the DC chapter of Black and White Men Together (BWMT), followed up with an editorial in the Quicksilver Times of June 23-July 3, 1970 discussing the proposed group.  DC GLF’s first meeting was held at Grace Episcopal Church in Georgetown on June 30, 1970.  Meetings between March and July 1971 were held at St. James Episcopal Church, after which formal public meetings are no longer held.  Meeting activity shifts to the GLF House at 1620 S St.&#13;
&#13;
DC GLF participated in a variety of political and social activities in Washington DC before fading after 1972.  Political activities included handing out thousands of “Are You a Homosexual?” awareness leaflets to passersby; protesting carding policies at DC gay bars that were biased against African Americans, women, or men in drag; disrupting an anti-gay Catholic psychiatrist’s speech during a conference on religion and the homosexual at Catholic University; protesting against the listing of homosexuality as a mental disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) during the American Psychiatric Association’s (APA) annual conference in 1971; participating in the Gay Mayday protests against the Vietnam War as part of the larger Mayday protests in May 1971; participating in both the Philadelphia plenary session (September 1971) and the Black Panthers’ Revolutionary People’s Constitutional Convention in DC (November 1971); protesting the expulsion of GLF members from the Zephyr Cocktail Lounge on the weekend of the RPCC; marching in Christopher Street Liberation Day parades in New York City; protesting police arrests of cruising gay men at Arlington’s Iwo Jima Memorial; and the formation of the first DC Gay Pride Week from May 2-7, 1972, organized by DC GLF members Chuck Hall, Bruce Pennington, and Cade Ware.&#13;
&#13;
Socially, many DC GLF activities centered around a house rented by members at 1620 S St. NW beginning in September 1970.  This house became the site not only of a GLF commune, but also helped to shelter gay people and activists in town from other cities and gay youth who had either run away or been turned out of their homes.  It was the site of the foundation of the Church of the Community of the Love of Christ, an orthodox Catholic congregation, and was eventually formally named the Gay Liberation Services House in April 1972, providing counseling, a referral service, a library, and a speakers bureau.  A combination of internal house tensions and the desire of certain members to engage in more explicitly political consciousness raising led to the formation of an offshoot commune, the Skyline Faggots Collective, in July 1971.  The Skyline Faggots Collective was first housed down the street at 1614 S St. NW and, from 1974-1976, at 1733 Q St. NW.  More public social activities included cosponsoring the first public gay dance in DC, held November 14, 1970 at St. Mark’s Episcopal Church, a boat cruise on the Potomac, and picnics in local parks.  Members of the Skyline Faggots also took trips to Shenandoah and Harpers Ferry, WV, the latter of which is documented in photos in the collection taken by Steve Behrens.&#13;
&#13;
A DC GLF reunion was held in April 1993 on the same weekend as the gay and lesbian March on Washington.  It was organized by Theodore Kirkland, a DC GLF member who would go on to found DC Gay Black Pride, and Bruce Pennington, who helped found the LGBT Friends radio program in 1973, the Gay People’s Alliance at George Washington University, the DC chapter of Black and White Men Together (BWMT), and was one of the first officially-sanctioned gay foster parents in DC.&#13;
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                  <text>Photographs of DC Gay Liberation Front members at various events in the Washington, DC area and in New York City; facts sheets and newsletters about GLF activities; and materials about an April 1993 GLF reunion.  Materials focus on early gay liberation activities in DC from both a social and political perspective.</text>
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                <text>Front row, L-R:  Reggie Haynes, David Aiken, Bruce Pennington, Bobby (?).�Back row, L-R:  Bill Taylor, Howard Grayson, Joseph Covert, Paul, Bobby Ulhorn</text>
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                  <text>"I feel really satisfied, really happy that I've been able to spend 30 years of my life doing something that has made a difference to so many people ... my goal, is to make sure that this store is always there for whoever needs it ...” "We are proud of the history of gay culture and of the struggle for political and social equality. We want the shop to be a showcase for the wide variety of happy, healthy gay lifestyles found among the quarter of a million gay men and women in the Washington Metropolitan area." the 1974 announcement of Lambda Rising's opening Gay activist L. Page “Deacon” Maccubbin, has given lesbians and gays in Washington a visibility, a public presence, and institutions that they had never before had. Well-known as the founder and owner of Lambda Rising Books, Maccubbin has also been the 'father' to many gay Washington, DC institutions including youth outreach, media, the annual Pride celebrations, community social and business organizations, and the Lambda Literary Awards. He has never stopped serving the gay community. While still in the Army, Maccubbin became a gay activist, joining the Gay Liberation Front-DC briefly. In 1971, he took over a craftshop at 1724 20th St NW, turning it into the Earthworks tobacco and headshop. On June 8, 1974, Earthworks' shelves of magazines and books became the core stock for the new Lambda Rising, one of the nation's largest and most successful groups of gay bookstores. As leader of the Community Building (a nickname from antiwar and counterculture days), Maccubbin turned the building into an incubator and haven for many new and struggling community groups, including the Gay Switchboard, gay youth groups, the Blade, off our backs, Roadwork, and many others. Maccubbin was a founder and chair of the first major community group, the Washington Area Gay Community Council (WAGCC). In 1975 WAGCC launched the planning process for the second gay community center and published Just Us, the first guide to DC's gay community. That same year, Maccubbin organized the first official Gay Pride, held on 20th St NW in front of the building. In the 1973, he was arrested with Cade Ware and Bill Bricker from Gay Activists Alliance at a sit-in protesting police entrapment. His protests and civil disobedience continued during the 1980's in response to federal inaction on AIDS research and funding with an arrest at the White House, and in the 1990's in response to Clinton's signing the Defense of Marriage Act, as well as additional arrests at protests against apartheid at the South African Embassy and against the Pope at Catholic University. Maccubbin has played important roles in the reform of D.C.'s sodomy law, passage of the D.C. Human Rights Act, and in responding to Bible-based attacks on homosexuality. In 1982, he and his life partner, Jim Bennett, were among the first to celebrate a Holy Union and they were the second couple to be registered as Domestic Partners in the District of Columbia. In 2003, Deacon saved the Oscar Wilde Bookshop in New York City (which had inspired him to launch Lambda Rising) from closing. Maccubbin commented, "The store never closed its doors. It was open right on through. Historically, that's important to me." In 2006, the bookstore was sold to a local manager.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/183f1a7YXkU4pA-tqacR7buNiaOG2V7PQaGN8danOrP4/edit?usp=sharing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;VIEW ONLINE FINDING AID&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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Bennett, Jim</text>
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                  <text>&lt;span&gt;Some items are available online. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Collection is available for “fair use" &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;to all people at &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.dchistory.org/research/"&gt;the DC History Center&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt; as &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;MS 0764 RHP, Series XXVII Maccubbin Bennett. Material may be protected by copyright.&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>Deacon Maccubin holds the DC Council's Gay Pride Day Proclamation</text>
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                <text>Description from Deacon Maccubin, June 2018: &#13;
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&#13;
Immediately behind Mr. Wilson is Franklin Kameny, The “godfather" of the LGBT community in DC. And the dark-haired guy in black thick-rimmed glasses partially visible to Mr. Wilson’s left was Cade Ware, who was President of the GLAA at the time."</text>
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                  <text>In May 1972, Washington, DC's GLBT community celebrated its first Pride.  The previous two years, gays and lesbians had gone to New York City to celebrate the Stonewall anniversary.  In the winter of 1972, the Gay Liberation Front-DC proposed a local celebration, though they scheduled it a month and half before New York's  celebration so that people would not have to choose between the events.  DC's initial Pride celebration was as much a protest as a celebration, following almost exactly one year after Gay Mayday and the anti-war Mayday demonstrations had closed the streets of the city.&#13;
&#13;
This marked the first public celebration of gay and lesbian pride in Washington DC.  Organized by the Gay Liberation Front, the festival drew support from All Souls Church, the Community Bookshop, the Gay Activists Alliance, the Gay People's Alliance of George Washington University, Henry Street (one of the houses of the Awards Club, a local drag organization) and the Metropole Cinema.  The principal organizers were Chuck Hall, Bruce Pennington, and Cade Ware.&#13;
&#13;
This collection includes materials from Gay Pride, Capital Pride, DC Black Pride, and other Pride-related festivals and events.</text>
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                  <text>Dardano, Robert. Photographer</text>
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                <text>1988 Pride Parade Map</text>
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                <text>1988</text>
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                <text>Reproduction and use of this material requires permission from the copyright holder. Please contact the Rainbow History Project for more information.</text>
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                <text>This map shows the parade route and the festival map for 1988 Gay Pride.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Collection includes newsletters, flyers, magazines, and fact sheets related to the formation and activities of the DC Gay Liberation Front (DC GLF), including weekly meetings at Grace Episcopal Church; the founding of the Gay Liberation Front house at 1620 S St. NW; proposed protests in DC; a copy of the last issue of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Motive&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt; (a publication of the Methodist church), which Skyline Faggots members were heavily involved in writing and designing; and Gay Pride 1972, the initial gay pride week celebration in Washington DC.  Also included are items related to a DC GLF reunion organized by Bruce Pennington and Theodore Kirkland over the weekend of the April 1993 gay March on Washington.  Also includes photographs documenting social and political activities engaged in by DC GLF and its offshoot, the Skyline Faggots Collective, notably marching in Christopher Street Liberation Day celebrations in New York City; participating in Gay Mayday in 1971; and social outings in DC and Harpers Ferry, West Virginia.  The collection also has larger several physical objects related to DC GLF, including banners hung at the Skyline Faggots Collective house at 1614 S St. NW; a yellow, hand-knitted beret worn by DC GLF/Skyline Faggots member Michael Ferri at the September 1971 Philadelphia plenary session prior to the Black Panthers’ Revolutionary People’s Constitutional Convention in Washington DC in November 1971; and a graphic poster mounted on foam board advertising activities for Gay Pride Week in Washington DC, May 2-7, 1972, which was organized by DC GLF members Chuck Hall, Bruce Pennington, and Cade Ware.  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:400;"&gt;As a whole, these materials help document early post-Stonewall gay liberationist activities through the formation of the first organized gay group in DC after the Mattachine Society of Washington and the Homophile Social League.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vQ5V4e-qyJvsJVj6vzxet5t2uNWALUcNQhbUkPtD-w2qPRu3nVGyHUlUPpw-8wYDpPtzXLclEAa9XCt/pub" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;VIEW ONLINE FINDING AID&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;span&gt;Some items are available online. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Collection is available to &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;all people, by appointment, at &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.dchistory.org/research/"&gt;the DC History Center&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt; as &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;MS 0764 RHP, Series XVII. Materials are available for "fair use" and may be protected by copyright.&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                  <text>The first Gay Liberation Front was founded in New York City shortly after the June 1969 Stonewall riots, as an offshoot of the homophile group the Mattachine Society of New York.  The Gay Liberation Front was a revolutionary organization dedicated to overthrowing a sexist, racist, capitalistic society by joining in coalition with other oppressed social groups, such as women, African Americans, the working classes, Chicanos and Latinos, and American Indians.  It also asked participants to engage in self-examination, often facilitated in the form of consciousness-raising groups, to rid themselves of their own internalized self-hatred, sexism, racism, and classism.  &#13;
&#13;
The Washington DC version of the Gay Liberation Front (DC GLF) was founded following a letter to the editor of the underground newspaper The Quicksilver Times.  This letter appeared in the June 9th-June 19th, 1970 edition and was written by Michael Yarr, an Air Force veteran and participant in local anti-Vietnam War groups.  It protested the paper’s derogatory use of the word “sucks” in a headline and called for the foundation of a DC Gay Liberation Front.  David Aiken, a local gay man who would go on to serve as Washington correspondent for The Advocate, work on the local LGBT Friends radio show from 1973-1982, chair the Washington Area Gay Community Council in the mid-1970s, and found the DC chapter of Black and White Men Together (BWMT), followed up with an editorial in the Quicksilver Times of June 23-July 3, 1970 discussing the proposed group.  DC GLF’s first meeting was held at Grace Episcopal Church in Georgetown on June 30, 1970.  Meetings between March and July 1971 were held at St. James Episcopal Church, after which formal public meetings are no longer held.  Meeting activity shifts to the GLF House at 1620 S St.&#13;
&#13;
DC GLF participated in a variety of political and social activities in Washington DC before fading after 1972.  Political activities included handing out thousands of “Are You a Homosexual?” awareness leaflets to passersby; protesting carding policies at DC gay bars that were biased against African Americans, women, or men in drag; disrupting an anti-gay Catholic psychiatrist’s speech during a conference on religion and the homosexual at Catholic University; protesting against the listing of homosexuality as a mental disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) during the American Psychiatric Association’s (APA) annual conference in 1971; participating in the Gay Mayday protests against the Vietnam War as part of the larger Mayday protests in May 1971; participating in both the Philadelphia plenary session (September 1971) and the Black Panthers’ Revolutionary People’s Constitutional Convention in DC (November 1971); protesting the expulsion of GLF members from the Zephyr Cocktail Lounge on the weekend of the RPCC; marching in Christopher Street Liberation Day parades in New York City; protesting police arrests of cruising gay men at Arlington’s Iwo Jima Memorial; and the formation of the first DC Gay Pride Week from May 2-7, 1972, organized by DC GLF members Chuck Hall, Bruce Pennington, and Cade Ware.&#13;
&#13;
Socially, many DC GLF activities centered around a house rented by members at 1620 S St. NW beginning in September 1970.  This house became the site not only of a GLF commune, but also helped to shelter gay people and activists in town from other cities and gay youth who had either run away or been turned out of their homes.  It was the site of the foundation of the Church of the Community of the Love of Christ, an orthodox Catholic congregation, and was eventually formally named the Gay Liberation Services House in April 1972, providing counseling, a referral service, a library, and a speakers bureau.  A combination of internal house tensions and the desire of certain members to engage in more explicitly political consciousness raising led to the formation of an offshoot commune, the Skyline Faggots Collective, in July 1971.  The Skyline Faggots Collective was first housed down the street at 1614 S St. NW and, from 1974-1976, at 1733 Q St. NW.  More public social activities included cosponsoring the first public gay dance in DC, held November 14, 1970 at St. Mark’s Episcopal Church, a boat cruise on the Potomac, and picnics in local parks.  Members of the Skyline Faggots also took trips to Shenandoah and Harpers Ferry, WV, the latter of which is documented in photos in the collection taken by Steve Behrens.&#13;
&#13;
A DC GLF reunion was held in April 1993 on the same weekend as the gay and lesbian March on Washington.  It was organized by Theodore Kirkland, a DC GLF member who would go on to found DC Gay Black Pride, and Bruce Pennington, who helped found the LGBT Friends radio program in 1973, the Gay People’s Alliance at George Washington University, the DC chapter of Black and White Men Together (BWMT), and was one of the first officially-sanctioned gay foster parents in DC.&#13;
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                  <text>Photographs of DC Gay Liberation Front members at various events in the Washington, DC area and in New York City; facts sheets and newsletters about GLF activities; and materials about an April 1993 GLF reunion.  Materials focus on early gay liberation activities in DC from both a social and political perspective.</text>
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                <text>This is a video recording of a reunion held for the Gay Liberation Front DC.</text>
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                <text>Film is on the RHP YouTube Channel:&#13;
https://youtu.be/MyVXUszzGiA</text>
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                  <text>Gay Women's Alternative, GWA-DC (Series III)</text>
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                  <text>Documents relating to the Gay Women's Alternative of DC from 1980 to 1993. includes committee reports, ephemera, newspaper clippings and program announcements. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;From 1981 to 1993, the Gay Women's Alternative of D.C. served as an essential educational and social focus for the metropolitan area's lesbian community. The organization dedicated itself to presenting an alternative to the closet and to the bars for the area's women, by providing lectures, social events, and discussions, often at the Washington Ethical Society. GWCDC became known for its dances for women, particularly its signature Spring Cotillion, and for its involvement with other women's events in the area including the summer Sisterfire musical extravaganzas and the Passages conferences. In 1985, GWA-DC presented its first conference. The initial organizers included Ina Alterman, Trish Bangert, Bonnie Becker, Susan Geiger, Maryl Kerley, Ann Meltzer, Lil Russo, and Joyce Sideman. By 1993, facing competition from a growing array of competing lesbian organizations, the demands of running a major social organization, and the group's inability to meet speakers' and performers' growing requests for payment (GWA had from the outset determined not to pay such fees), the board of Gay Women's Alternative decided to close down the organization following its final Spring Cotillion in May 1993.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vRrHRW9S4p4M2LbE8Ot_uy0s29zU0-WxmmuAc1mdFyw-B29zuwkrTGp2ajcMR5VfDL8j97idIwbmXZ_/pub" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;VIEW ONLINE FINDING AID&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                  <text>&lt;span&gt;Available to all people, by appointment, at the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://dchistory.org/library/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;DC History Center&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;. Collection is available for “fair use.” Material may be protected by copyright.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vRrHRW9S4p4M2LbE8Ot_uy0s29zU0-WxmmuAc1mdFyw-B29zuwkrTGp2ajcMR5VfDL8j97idIwbmXZ_/pub" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;VIEW ONLINE FINDING AID&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</text>
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                <text>Announcement of GWA-DC closing and invitation to final dance in 1993</text>
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                  <text>T-Shirts and textiles were collected from various donors. Items were photographed, cataloged, and placed online by RHP board member Eric N. Gonzaba in 2018. Physical items remain in the custody of RHP.&#13;
&#13;
Posters and banners have been collected from various sources. Some are at the DC History Center; others remain in the custody of RHP.</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=47&amp;advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&amp;advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Reproduction+and+use+of+this+material+may+require+permission+from+the+copyright+holder.+Please+contact+Wearing+Gay+History+for+more+information."&gt;Reproduction and use of this material may require permission from the copyright holder. Please contact Wearing Gay History for more information.&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
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                  <text>T-shirts, Textiles, Posters and Banners: Ephemera Collection </text>
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                  <text>T-Shirts and textiles were collected from various donors. Items were photographed, cataloged, and placed online by RHP board member Eric N. Gonzaba in 2018. Physical items remain in the custody of RHP.&#13;
&#13;
Posters and banners have been collected from various sources. Some are at the DC History Center; others remain in the custody of RHP.</text>
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                <text>1st Long Island Pride</text>
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                <text>Gay pride celebrations</text>
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                <text>Purple t-shirt.&#13;
"Long Island's First Lesbian &amp; Gay Parade. Town of Huntington Sunday June 9, 1991"</text>
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                <text>Personal collection of John Corvino</text>
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                <text>John Corvino</text>
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