1
25
14
-
https://archives.rainbowhistory.org/files/original/6e227183dd1a1b848141935466254cb6.pdf
bd67174d252482aadcfaf8436703fcbb
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Carl Rizzi , Mame Dennis, and The Academy of Washington Collection 6
Alternative Title
An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific.
Carl Rizzi Papers on the Academy of Washington : Digital Collection
Description
An account of the resource
The year 1961 saw the creation of two of Washington's first organized LGBT groups, the Mattachine Society of Washington and the Oscars. The Academy Awards of Washington, an amalgam of Oscars members and Awards Club (1965) members, incorporated in 1973 in Washington, DC, provides secure venues, mentoring, and a structure for female impersonators in the area. It is one of the oldest and most enduring organizations in the nation to provide support for female impersonators.
The Climate for Drag in the Sixties
Until 'Liz Taylor' created the Oscars in the autumn of 1961, drag performers and those aspiring to 'do drag' had no organized structure, no venues, and very little safety. In the repressive atmosphere of the 1950s and 1960s, wearing drag was an invitation to scorn and physical danger. Wearing drag was illegal in most southern states, and Washington DC was indeed southern in those days, though drag was never illegal in the district. Still it invited arrest and persecution. Public social spaces didn't allow drag (an ostracism that existed until well into the 1970s). Those who wanted to wear drag did it in the privacy of their homes or at private after hour parties. Indeed, Liz Taylor's house parties at her Hollywood House on Monroe St. NW were legendary in their time.
Many clubs would not allow patrons in drag to enter, and few hosted drag shows. The single exception was the Golden Key Club in North Beach, MD. For other clubs, drag and drag shows were an option only during Halloween Week, which Mame Dennis calls "the high holy days of drag". At Halloween, the Brown Derby, the Chicken Hut, Hide-a-way, Georgetown Grill, Johnnie's, and the Rendezvous organized drag contests.
Creating a Safe Haven for Female Impersonators
Along with the Mattachine Society of Washington, the Oscars and the Awards Club were the very first organized groups for gays in the Washington area. Recalling her vision for the Academies, Liz Taylor said "... I strived to mold an elite group of people whose social life would center around drag. By creating parties and activities I knew that I would always be surrounded by people wanting to attend them... I knew that some form of drag group was necessary. I had thought about it for a long time -- and suddenly I found the answer one evening on television -- the first time I saw an Awards show called the Oscars." The first parties were held in various homes in Washington DC, which took on special names such as Blair House, Butterfield 8, Camelot, Hollywood House, Mintwood Place, Port Valada, Sand Piper, Taylor Lounge, and others. In time, these house names became the names of 'drag houses', associations of female impersonators who participated in the social activities of the Academy Awards. The first board members of the Academy were Lix Taylor (President), Bob Clauze, Prince Karl, Frankie, and 'Lena Horne'.
Organization of the Academy
The Academy's Houses in 1976
The houses of the Academy over 30 years have included Beekman Place (led by 'Mame Dennis'), Butterfield 8 ('Liz Taylor's house), Maryland House (led by 'Patty Duke'), Henry Street (led by 'Fanny Brice'), Liberty House, Dragonwyck, Phoenix House (led by 'Jean Nate'), and Twelve Oaks (led by 'Mae Bush').
In 1965, Jerry Buskirk and 'Vivien Leigh' led the formation of a second group, the Awards Club of Washington. The Awards Club organized the International Emmy Awards. By 1968, many members of the first Academy were also members of the Awards Club.
Bill Oates Jr. & Mame Dennis In May 1973 Bill Oates Jr. ("the Godfather") brokered an agreement creating the Academy Awards of Washington, led by 'Elizabeth Taylor', 'Mame Dennis', 'Patti Duke' and 'Fanny Brice'. Beekman Place and Henry Street Houses rejoined the Academy at this time. 'Mame Dennis' (of Beekman Place), chosen as president in 1973, continues to lead the group. Bill Oates, who became known as "The Godfather", helped put together the structure of the new group. The original houses of the Academy Awards of Washington were Beekman Place, Butterfield 8, Henry Street, and Maryland House. Liberty House (led by 'Edie Gorme') was added in 1974.
In 1975, the Academy re-organized following a period of internal dispute. The new organization included the houses of Beekman Place, Dragonwyck (of Hagerstown, MD), Henry Street, Maryland House, Phoenix House, and Twelve Oaks (of Norfolk and Richmond).
In the 1960s, most hotels and clubs would not host drag events. In its first years, the Academy held monthly contests at the short-lived Uptown Lounge in Cleveland Park. It was at the Uptown that 'Liz Taylor' first did her long remembered rendition of "Letter to Daddy".
'Fanny Brice's house, Henry Street, formed a drag performance show, Showstoppers, in 1971, which premiered at Georgetown's Trinity Theatre in September 1971. In May 1972, the Showstoppers group participated in DC's first Gay Pride celebration with a show at George Washington University's Marvin Center. Showstoppers appeared at the Marvin Center from 1973 to 1981. Showstoppers endured for many years as a very popular annual production in Washington DC's GLBT community.
Until 1968 when the Washington Hilton hosted the Black Pearl Awards, most events were held at the Cairo Hotel, Casino Royale, Dodge House, and the Palm Ballroom. One of the first venues used by the Academy Awards after 1973 was the third floor area above the Hideaway and Louie's clubs at 9th and Pennsylvania NW. This third floor space became the Oscar's Eye Theatre and was used for most of the Academy and house functions. In the 1970s, Academy members became involved in the Waaay Off Broadway theatre at 55 L St. SE. Beekman place opened the theatre with its production of Cabaret. The Academy held events at the Rogue, after the latter's move to 5th and K Streets NW. In 1992, the former Waaay Off Broadway theatre became Club 55, and Academy events were invited to move there. It is still the home of many Academy functions. The Academy Awards holds events every Sunday from September through May at the Club 55, 55 L Street SE (formerly the location of the Waaay Off Broadway theatre).
Protocols and Events
From the beginning in 1961, the Academy has sponsored Oscars for Best Actress, Best Actor, Best Drag in a Series, President and First Lady, Mr and Miss Academy, Mr and Miss Showbusiness, Vice President and Vice Lady, New York Drama Critics Best Actor and Best Actress, Best Supporting Actor and Best Supporting Actress, and Mr and Miss Oscar. In addition to regularly scheduled drag balls, the Academy's top annual pageants are those for Miss Gaye Universe-DC and Miss Gaye America-DC. Monthly contests at Club 55 present Zodiac awards. Annual special awards, such as the 'Lanie Kazan', recognize outstanding contributions to the community.
At pageants, the order of appearance of award winners is strictly controlled by the Protocol. For some titles, the winners make make an entrance on stage. Top awards, such as Miss Gaye America and Miss Gay Universe, are 'walking' awards entitling the winner to take a formal presentation walk on stage before the audience.
'Fanny Brice', speaking to Bruce Pennington in a 1975 interview for Friends Radio talks about her first drag experience. Brice was 'mother' of the Henry Street drag house and founder of the popular Showstoppers revue of the 1970s.
Contributor
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Rizzi, Carl
Document
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Lost and Found presents ... "A Star-spangled salute" the Fourth of July in June
Subject
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Gay bars--Washington (D.C.)--20th century
Fourth of July celebrations--Washington (D.C.)--20th century
Drag shows--Washington (D.C.)--20th century
Creator
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<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Lost+and+Found+Bar">Lost and Found Bar</a>
Date
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<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=1972">1972</a>
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<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=47&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Reproduction+and+use+of+this+material+requires+permission+from+the+copyright+holder.+Please+contact+the+Rainbow+History+Project+for+more+information.">Reproduction and use of this material requires permission from the copyright holder. Please contact the Rainbow History Project for more information.</a>
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application/pdf
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English
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Text
Coverage
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Washington (D.C.)
1970s
Bars and clubs
Drag performances
Gay bars and clubs
Lost and Found
Nightlife
-
https://archives.rainbowhistory.org/files/original/c83408f2fa9fd6777a593799f98295d0.pdf
9b0b560d459b05f50b22a01e3e9d31c0
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Carl Rizzi , Mame Dennis, and The Academy of Washington Collection 6
Alternative Title
An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific.
Carl Rizzi Papers on the Academy of Washington : Digital Collection
Description
An account of the resource
The year 1961 saw the creation of two of Washington's first organized LGBT groups, the Mattachine Society of Washington and the Oscars. The Academy Awards of Washington, an amalgam of Oscars members and Awards Club (1965) members, incorporated in 1973 in Washington, DC, provides secure venues, mentoring, and a structure for female impersonators in the area. It is one of the oldest and most enduring organizations in the nation to provide support for female impersonators.
The Climate for Drag in the Sixties
Until 'Liz Taylor' created the Oscars in the autumn of 1961, drag performers and those aspiring to 'do drag' had no organized structure, no venues, and very little safety. In the repressive atmosphere of the 1950s and 1960s, wearing drag was an invitation to scorn and physical danger. Wearing drag was illegal in most southern states, and Washington DC was indeed southern in those days, though drag was never illegal in the district. Still it invited arrest and persecution. Public social spaces didn't allow drag (an ostracism that existed until well into the 1970s). Those who wanted to wear drag did it in the privacy of their homes or at private after hour parties. Indeed, Liz Taylor's house parties at her Hollywood House on Monroe St. NW were legendary in their time.
Many clubs would not allow patrons in drag to enter, and few hosted drag shows. The single exception was the Golden Key Club in North Beach, MD. For other clubs, drag and drag shows were an option only during Halloween Week, which Mame Dennis calls "the high holy days of drag". At Halloween, the Brown Derby, the Chicken Hut, Hide-a-way, Georgetown Grill, Johnnie's, and the Rendezvous organized drag contests.
Creating a Safe Haven for Female Impersonators
Along with the Mattachine Society of Washington, the Oscars and the Awards Club were the very first organized groups for gays in the Washington area. Recalling her vision for the Academies, Liz Taylor said "... I strived to mold an elite group of people whose social life would center around drag. By creating parties and activities I knew that I would always be surrounded by people wanting to attend them... I knew that some form of drag group was necessary. I had thought about it for a long time -- and suddenly I found the answer one evening on television -- the first time I saw an Awards show called the Oscars." The first parties were held in various homes in Washington DC, which took on special names such as Blair House, Butterfield 8, Camelot, Hollywood House, Mintwood Place, Port Valada, Sand Piper, Taylor Lounge, and others. In time, these house names became the names of 'drag houses', associations of female impersonators who participated in the social activities of the Academy Awards. The first board members of the Academy were Lix Taylor (President), Bob Clauze, Prince Karl, Frankie, and 'Lena Horne'.
Organization of the Academy
The Academy's Houses in 1976
The houses of the Academy over 30 years have included Beekman Place (led by 'Mame Dennis'), Butterfield 8 ('Liz Taylor's house), Maryland House (led by 'Patty Duke'), Henry Street (led by 'Fanny Brice'), Liberty House, Dragonwyck, Phoenix House (led by 'Jean Nate'), and Twelve Oaks (led by 'Mae Bush').
In 1965, Jerry Buskirk and 'Vivien Leigh' led the formation of a second group, the Awards Club of Washington. The Awards Club organized the International Emmy Awards. By 1968, many members of the first Academy were also members of the Awards Club.
Bill Oates Jr. & Mame Dennis In May 1973 Bill Oates Jr. ("the Godfather") brokered an agreement creating the Academy Awards of Washington, led by 'Elizabeth Taylor', 'Mame Dennis', 'Patti Duke' and 'Fanny Brice'. Beekman Place and Henry Street Houses rejoined the Academy at this time. 'Mame Dennis' (of Beekman Place), chosen as president in 1973, continues to lead the group. Bill Oates, who became known as "The Godfather", helped put together the structure of the new group. The original houses of the Academy Awards of Washington were Beekman Place, Butterfield 8, Henry Street, and Maryland House. Liberty House (led by 'Edie Gorme') was added in 1974.
In 1975, the Academy re-organized following a period of internal dispute. The new organization included the houses of Beekman Place, Dragonwyck (of Hagerstown, MD), Henry Street, Maryland House, Phoenix House, and Twelve Oaks (of Norfolk and Richmond).
In the 1960s, most hotels and clubs would not host drag events. In its first years, the Academy held monthly contests at the short-lived Uptown Lounge in Cleveland Park. It was at the Uptown that 'Liz Taylor' first did her long remembered rendition of "Letter to Daddy".
'Fanny Brice's house, Henry Street, formed a drag performance show, Showstoppers, in 1971, which premiered at Georgetown's Trinity Theatre in September 1971. In May 1972, the Showstoppers group participated in DC's first Gay Pride celebration with a show at George Washington University's Marvin Center. Showstoppers appeared at the Marvin Center from 1973 to 1981. Showstoppers endured for many years as a very popular annual production in Washington DC's GLBT community.
Until 1968 when the Washington Hilton hosted the Black Pearl Awards, most events were held at the Cairo Hotel, Casino Royale, Dodge House, and the Palm Ballroom. One of the first venues used by the Academy Awards after 1973 was the third floor area above the Hideaway and Louie's clubs at 9th and Pennsylvania NW. This third floor space became the Oscar's Eye Theatre and was used for most of the Academy and house functions. In the 1970s, Academy members became involved in the Waaay Off Broadway theatre at 55 L St. SE. Beekman place opened the theatre with its production of Cabaret. The Academy held events at the Rogue, after the latter's move to 5th and K Streets NW. In 1992, the former Waaay Off Broadway theatre became Club 55, and Academy events were invited to move there. It is still the home of many Academy functions. The Academy Awards holds events every Sunday from September through May at the Club 55, 55 L Street SE (formerly the location of the Waaay Off Broadway theatre).
Protocols and Events
From the beginning in 1961, the Academy has sponsored Oscars for Best Actress, Best Actor, Best Drag in a Series, President and First Lady, Mr and Miss Academy, Mr and Miss Showbusiness, Vice President and Vice Lady, New York Drama Critics Best Actor and Best Actress, Best Supporting Actor and Best Supporting Actress, and Mr and Miss Oscar. In addition to regularly scheduled drag balls, the Academy's top annual pageants are those for Miss Gaye Universe-DC and Miss Gaye America-DC. Monthly contests at Club 55 present Zodiac awards. Annual special awards, such as the 'Lanie Kazan', recognize outstanding contributions to the community.
At pageants, the order of appearance of award winners is strictly controlled by the Protocol. For some titles, the winners make make an entrance on stage. Top awards, such as Miss Gaye America and Miss Gay Universe, are 'walking' awards entitling the winner to take a formal presentation walk on stage before the audience.
'Fanny Brice', speaking to Bruce Pennington in a 1975 interview for Friends Radio talks about her first drag experience. Brice was 'mother' of the Henry Street drag house and founder of the popular Showstoppers revue of the 1970s.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Rizzi, Carl
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Lost and Found classifieds
Subject
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Gay bars--Washington (D.C.)--20th century
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Lost+and+Found+Bar">Lost and Found Bar</a>
Date
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<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=1972-10">1972-10</a>
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application/pdf
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English
Type
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Text
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Washington (D.C.)
1970s
Bars and clubs
Gay bars and clubs
Lost and Found
Nightlife
-
https://archives.rainbowhistory.org/files/original/81a432c97dde182ba191478eeaa70271.pdf
c80bea86a99faa569a1f4f0375113831
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Carl Rizzi , Mame Dennis, and The Academy of Washington Collection 6
Alternative Title
An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific.
Carl Rizzi Papers on the Academy of Washington : Digital Collection
Description
An account of the resource
The year 1961 saw the creation of two of Washington's first organized LGBT groups, the Mattachine Society of Washington and the Oscars. The Academy Awards of Washington, an amalgam of Oscars members and Awards Club (1965) members, incorporated in 1973 in Washington, DC, provides secure venues, mentoring, and a structure for female impersonators in the area. It is one of the oldest and most enduring organizations in the nation to provide support for female impersonators.
The Climate for Drag in the Sixties
Until 'Liz Taylor' created the Oscars in the autumn of 1961, drag performers and those aspiring to 'do drag' had no organized structure, no venues, and very little safety. In the repressive atmosphere of the 1950s and 1960s, wearing drag was an invitation to scorn and physical danger. Wearing drag was illegal in most southern states, and Washington DC was indeed southern in those days, though drag was never illegal in the district. Still it invited arrest and persecution. Public social spaces didn't allow drag (an ostracism that existed until well into the 1970s). Those who wanted to wear drag did it in the privacy of their homes or at private after hour parties. Indeed, Liz Taylor's house parties at her Hollywood House on Monroe St. NW were legendary in their time.
Many clubs would not allow patrons in drag to enter, and few hosted drag shows. The single exception was the Golden Key Club in North Beach, MD. For other clubs, drag and drag shows were an option only during Halloween Week, which Mame Dennis calls "the high holy days of drag". At Halloween, the Brown Derby, the Chicken Hut, Hide-a-way, Georgetown Grill, Johnnie's, and the Rendezvous organized drag contests.
Creating a Safe Haven for Female Impersonators
Along with the Mattachine Society of Washington, the Oscars and the Awards Club were the very first organized groups for gays in the Washington area. Recalling her vision for the Academies, Liz Taylor said "... I strived to mold an elite group of people whose social life would center around drag. By creating parties and activities I knew that I would always be surrounded by people wanting to attend them... I knew that some form of drag group was necessary. I had thought about it for a long time -- and suddenly I found the answer one evening on television -- the first time I saw an Awards show called the Oscars." The first parties were held in various homes in Washington DC, which took on special names such as Blair House, Butterfield 8, Camelot, Hollywood House, Mintwood Place, Port Valada, Sand Piper, Taylor Lounge, and others. In time, these house names became the names of 'drag houses', associations of female impersonators who participated in the social activities of the Academy Awards. The first board members of the Academy were Lix Taylor (President), Bob Clauze, Prince Karl, Frankie, and 'Lena Horne'.
Organization of the Academy
The Academy's Houses in 1976
The houses of the Academy over 30 years have included Beekman Place (led by 'Mame Dennis'), Butterfield 8 ('Liz Taylor's house), Maryland House (led by 'Patty Duke'), Henry Street (led by 'Fanny Brice'), Liberty House, Dragonwyck, Phoenix House (led by 'Jean Nate'), and Twelve Oaks (led by 'Mae Bush').
In 1965, Jerry Buskirk and 'Vivien Leigh' led the formation of a second group, the Awards Club of Washington. The Awards Club organized the International Emmy Awards. By 1968, many members of the first Academy were also members of the Awards Club.
Bill Oates Jr. & Mame Dennis In May 1973 Bill Oates Jr. ("the Godfather") brokered an agreement creating the Academy Awards of Washington, led by 'Elizabeth Taylor', 'Mame Dennis', 'Patti Duke' and 'Fanny Brice'. Beekman Place and Henry Street Houses rejoined the Academy at this time. 'Mame Dennis' (of Beekman Place), chosen as president in 1973, continues to lead the group. Bill Oates, who became known as "The Godfather", helped put together the structure of the new group. The original houses of the Academy Awards of Washington were Beekman Place, Butterfield 8, Henry Street, and Maryland House. Liberty House (led by 'Edie Gorme') was added in 1974.
In 1975, the Academy re-organized following a period of internal dispute. The new organization included the houses of Beekman Place, Dragonwyck (of Hagerstown, MD), Henry Street, Maryland House, Phoenix House, and Twelve Oaks (of Norfolk and Richmond).
In the 1960s, most hotels and clubs would not host drag events. In its first years, the Academy held monthly contests at the short-lived Uptown Lounge in Cleveland Park. It was at the Uptown that 'Liz Taylor' first did her long remembered rendition of "Letter to Daddy".
'Fanny Brice's house, Henry Street, formed a drag performance show, Showstoppers, in 1971, which premiered at Georgetown's Trinity Theatre in September 1971. In May 1972, the Showstoppers group participated in DC's first Gay Pride celebration with a show at George Washington University's Marvin Center. Showstoppers appeared at the Marvin Center from 1973 to 1981. Showstoppers endured for many years as a very popular annual production in Washington DC's GLBT community.
Until 1968 when the Washington Hilton hosted the Black Pearl Awards, most events were held at the Cairo Hotel, Casino Royale, Dodge House, and the Palm Ballroom. One of the first venues used by the Academy Awards after 1973 was the third floor area above the Hideaway and Louie's clubs at 9th and Pennsylvania NW. This third floor space became the Oscar's Eye Theatre and was used for most of the Academy and house functions. In the 1970s, Academy members became involved in the Waaay Off Broadway theatre at 55 L St. SE. Beekman place opened the theatre with its production of Cabaret. The Academy held events at the Rogue, after the latter's move to 5th and K Streets NW. In 1992, the former Waaay Off Broadway theatre became Club 55, and Academy events were invited to move there. It is still the home of many Academy functions. The Academy Awards holds events every Sunday from September through May at the Club 55, 55 L Street SE (formerly the location of the Waaay Off Broadway theatre).
Protocols and Events
From the beginning in 1961, the Academy has sponsored Oscars for Best Actress, Best Actor, Best Drag in a Series, President and First Lady, Mr and Miss Academy, Mr and Miss Showbusiness, Vice President and Vice Lady, New York Drama Critics Best Actor and Best Actress, Best Supporting Actor and Best Supporting Actress, and Mr and Miss Oscar. In addition to regularly scheduled drag balls, the Academy's top annual pageants are those for Miss Gaye Universe-DC and Miss Gaye America-DC. Monthly contests at Club 55 present Zodiac awards. Annual special awards, such as the 'Lanie Kazan', recognize outstanding contributions to the community.
At pageants, the order of appearance of award winners is strictly controlled by the Protocol. For some titles, the winners make make an entrance on stage. Top awards, such as Miss Gaye America and Miss Gay Universe, are 'walking' awards entitling the winner to take a formal presentation walk on stage before the audience.
'Fanny Brice', speaking to Bruce Pennington in a 1975 interview for Friends Radio talks about her first drag experience. Brice was 'mother' of the Henry Street drag house and founder of the popular Showstoppers revue of the 1970s.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Rizzi, Carl
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Lost and Found classifieds
Subject
The topic of the resource
Gay bars--Washington (D.C.)--20th century
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Lost+and+Found+Bar">Lost and Found Bar</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=1972-05">1972-05</a>
Rights
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<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=47&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Reproduction+and+use+of+this+material+requires+permission+from+the+copyright+holder.+Please+contact+the+Rainbow+History+Project+for+more+information.">Reproduction and use of this material requires permission from the copyright holder. Please contact the Rainbow History Project for more information.</a>
Format
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application/pdf
Language
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English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Washington (D.C.)
1970s
Bars and clubs
Gay bars and clubs
Lost and Found
Nightlife
-
https://archives.rainbowhistory.org/files/original/584f922544b47030b1c4a07cded5cd54.pdf
f9e533f096fd76244a9458ec5f4c027c
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Carl Rizzi , Mame Dennis, and The Academy of Washington Collection 6
Alternative Title
An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific.
Carl Rizzi Papers on the Academy of Washington : Digital Collection
Description
An account of the resource
The year 1961 saw the creation of two of Washington's first organized LGBT groups, the Mattachine Society of Washington and the Oscars. The Academy Awards of Washington, an amalgam of Oscars members and Awards Club (1965) members, incorporated in 1973 in Washington, DC, provides secure venues, mentoring, and a structure for female impersonators in the area. It is one of the oldest and most enduring organizations in the nation to provide support for female impersonators.
The Climate for Drag in the Sixties
Until 'Liz Taylor' created the Oscars in the autumn of 1961, drag performers and those aspiring to 'do drag' had no organized structure, no venues, and very little safety. In the repressive atmosphere of the 1950s and 1960s, wearing drag was an invitation to scorn and physical danger. Wearing drag was illegal in most southern states, and Washington DC was indeed southern in those days, though drag was never illegal in the district. Still it invited arrest and persecution. Public social spaces didn't allow drag (an ostracism that existed until well into the 1970s). Those who wanted to wear drag did it in the privacy of their homes or at private after hour parties. Indeed, Liz Taylor's house parties at her Hollywood House on Monroe St. NW were legendary in their time.
Many clubs would not allow patrons in drag to enter, and few hosted drag shows. The single exception was the Golden Key Club in North Beach, MD. For other clubs, drag and drag shows were an option only during Halloween Week, which Mame Dennis calls "the high holy days of drag". At Halloween, the Brown Derby, the Chicken Hut, Hide-a-way, Georgetown Grill, Johnnie's, and the Rendezvous organized drag contests.
Creating a Safe Haven for Female Impersonators
Along with the Mattachine Society of Washington, the Oscars and the Awards Club were the very first organized groups for gays in the Washington area. Recalling her vision for the Academies, Liz Taylor said "... I strived to mold an elite group of people whose social life would center around drag. By creating parties and activities I knew that I would always be surrounded by people wanting to attend them... I knew that some form of drag group was necessary. I had thought about it for a long time -- and suddenly I found the answer one evening on television -- the first time I saw an Awards show called the Oscars." The first parties were held in various homes in Washington DC, which took on special names such as Blair House, Butterfield 8, Camelot, Hollywood House, Mintwood Place, Port Valada, Sand Piper, Taylor Lounge, and others. In time, these house names became the names of 'drag houses', associations of female impersonators who participated in the social activities of the Academy Awards. The first board members of the Academy were Lix Taylor (President), Bob Clauze, Prince Karl, Frankie, and 'Lena Horne'.
Organization of the Academy
The Academy's Houses in 1976
The houses of the Academy over 30 years have included Beekman Place (led by 'Mame Dennis'), Butterfield 8 ('Liz Taylor's house), Maryland House (led by 'Patty Duke'), Henry Street (led by 'Fanny Brice'), Liberty House, Dragonwyck, Phoenix House (led by 'Jean Nate'), and Twelve Oaks (led by 'Mae Bush').
In 1965, Jerry Buskirk and 'Vivien Leigh' led the formation of a second group, the Awards Club of Washington. The Awards Club organized the International Emmy Awards. By 1968, many members of the first Academy were also members of the Awards Club.
Bill Oates Jr. & Mame Dennis In May 1973 Bill Oates Jr. ("the Godfather") brokered an agreement creating the Academy Awards of Washington, led by 'Elizabeth Taylor', 'Mame Dennis', 'Patti Duke' and 'Fanny Brice'. Beekman Place and Henry Street Houses rejoined the Academy at this time. 'Mame Dennis' (of Beekman Place), chosen as president in 1973, continues to lead the group. Bill Oates, who became known as "The Godfather", helped put together the structure of the new group. The original houses of the Academy Awards of Washington were Beekman Place, Butterfield 8, Henry Street, and Maryland House. Liberty House (led by 'Edie Gorme') was added in 1974.
In 1975, the Academy re-organized following a period of internal dispute. The new organization included the houses of Beekman Place, Dragonwyck (of Hagerstown, MD), Henry Street, Maryland House, Phoenix House, and Twelve Oaks (of Norfolk and Richmond).
In the 1960s, most hotels and clubs would not host drag events. In its first years, the Academy held monthly contests at the short-lived Uptown Lounge in Cleveland Park. It was at the Uptown that 'Liz Taylor' first did her long remembered rendition of "Letter to Daddy".
'Fanny Brice's house, Henry Street, formed a drag performance show, Showstoppers, in 1971, which premiered at Georgetown's Trinity Theatre in September 1971. In May 1972, the Showstoppers group participated in DC's first Gay Pride celebration with a show at George Washington University's Marvin Center. Showstoppers appeared at the Marvin Center from 1973 to 1981. Showstoppers endured for many years as a very popular annual production in Washington DC's GLBT community.
Until 1968 when the Washington Hilton hosted the Black Pearl Awards, most events were held at the Cairo Hotel, Casino Royale, Dodge House, and the Palm Ballroom. One of the first venues used by the Academy Awards after 1973 was the third floor area above the Hideaway and Louie's clubs at 9th and Pennsylvania NW. This third floor space became the Oscar's Eye Theatre and was used for most of the Academy and house functions. In the 1970s, Academy members became involved in the Waaay Off Broadway theatre at 55 L St. SE. Beekman place opened the theatre with its production of Cabaret. The Academy held events at the Rogue, after the latter's move to 5th and K Streets NW. In 1992, the former Waaay Off Broadway theatre became Club 55, and Academy events were invited to move there. It is still the home of many Academy functions. The Academy Awards holds events every Sunday from September through May at the Club 55, 55 L Street SE (formerly the location of the Waaay Off Broadway theatre).
Protocols and Events
From the beginning in 1961, the Academy has sponsored Oscars for Best Actress, Best Actor, Best Drag in a Series, President and First Lady, Mr and Miss Academy, Mr and Miss Showbusiness, Vice President and Vice Lady, New York Drama Critics Best Actor and Best Actress, Best Supporting Actor and Best Supporting Actress, and Mr and Miss Oscar. In addition to regularly scheduled drag balls, the Academy's top annual pageants are those for Miss Gaye Universe-DC and Miss Gaye America-DC. Monthly contests at Club 55 present Zodiac awards. Annual special awards, such as the 'Lanie Kazan', recognize outstanding contributions to the community.
At pageants, the order of appearance of award winners is strictly controlled by the Protocol. For some titles, the winners make make an entrance on stage. Top awards, such as Miss Gaye America and Miss Gay Universe, are 'walking' awards entitling the winner to take a formal presentation walk on stage before the audience.
'Fanny Brice', speaking to Bruce Pennington in a 1975 interview for Friends Radio talks about her first drag experience. Brice was 'mother' of the Henry Street drag house and founder of the popular Showstoppers revue of the 1970s.
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Rizzi, Carl
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Lost and Found classifieds
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Gay bars--Washington (D.C.)--20th century
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<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Lost+and+Found+Bar">Lost and Found Bar</a>
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<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=1972-03">1972-03</a>
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<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=47&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Reproduction+and+use+of+this+material+requires+permission+from+the+copyright+holder.+Please+contact+the+Rainbow+History+Project+for+more+information.">Reproduction and use of this material requires permission from the copyright holder. Please contact the Rainbow History Project for more information.</a>
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English
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Washington (D.C.)
1970s
Bars and clubs
Gay bars and clubs
Lost and Found
Nightlife
-
https://archives.rainbowhistory.org/files/original/2ec8975e49300a826c1c88133d781f72.pdf
49faa05d5ad4e9c55b4278ab7e6d8a84
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Carl Rizzi , Mame Dennis, and The Academy of Washington Collection 6
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Carl Rizzi Papers on the Academy of Washington : Digital Collection
Description
An account of the resource
The year 1961 saw the creation of two of Washington's first organized LGBT groups, the Mattachine Society of Washington and the Oscars. The Academy Awards of Washington, an amalgam of Oscars members and Awards Club (1965) members, incorporated in 1973 in Washington, DC, provides secure venues, mentoring, and a structure for female impersonators in the area. It is one of the oldest and most enduring organizations in the nation to provide support for female impersonators.
The Climate for Drag in the Sixties
Until 'Liz Taylor' created the Oscars in the autumn of 1961, drag performers and those aspiring to 'do drag' had no organized structure, no venues, and very little safety. In the repressive atmosphere of the 1950s and 1960s, wearing drag was an invitation to scorn and physical danger. Wearing drag was illegal in most southern states, and Washington DC was indeed southern in those days, though drag was never illegal in the district. Still it invited arrest and persecution. Public social spaces didn't allow drag (an ostracism that existed until well into the 1970s). Those who wanted to wear drag did it in the privacy of their homes or at private after hour parties. Indeed, Liz Taylor's house parties at her Hollywood House on Monroe St. NW were legendary in their time.
Many clubs would not allow patrons in drag to enter, and few hosted drag shows. The single exception was the Golden Key Club in North Beach, MD. For other clubs, drag and drag shows were an option only during Halloween Week, which Mame Dennis calls "the high holy days of drag". At Halloween, the Brown Derby, the Chicken Hut, Hide-a-way, Georgetown Grill, Johnnie's, and the Rendezvous organized drag contests.
Creating a Safe Haven for Female Impersonators
Along with the Mattachine Society of Washington, the Oscars and the Awards Club were the very first organized groups for gays in the Washington area. Recalling her vision for the Academies, Liz Taylor said "... I strived to mold an elite group of people whose social life would center around drag. By creating parties and activities I knew that I would always be surrounded by people wanting to attend them... I knew that some form of drag group was necessary. I had thought about it for a long time -- and suddenly I found the answer one evening on television -- the first time I saw an Awards show called the Oscars." The first parties were held in various homes in Washington DC, which took on special names such as Blair House, Butterfield 8, Camelot, Hollywood House, Mintwood Place, Port Valada, Sand Piper, Taylor Lounge, and others. In time, these house names became the names of 'drag houses', associations of female impersonators who participated in the social activities of the Academy Awards. The first board members of the Academy were Lix Taylor (President), Bob Clauze, Prince Karl, Frankie, and 'Lena Horne'.
Organization of the Academy
The Academy's Houses in 1976
The houses of the Academy over 30 years have included Beekman Place (led by 'Mame Dennis'), Butterfield 8 ('Liz Taylor's house), Maryland House (led by 'Patty Duke'), Henry Street (led by 'Fanny Brice'), Liberty House, Dragonwyck, Phoenix House (led by 'Jean Nate'), and Twelve Oaks (led by 'Mae Bush').
In 1965, Jerry Buskirk and 'Vivien Leigh' led the formation of a second group, the Awards Club of Washington. The Awards Club organized the International Emmy Awards. By 1968, many members of the first Academy were also members of the Awards Club.
Bill Oates Jr. & Mame Dennis In May 1973 Bill Oates Jr. ("the Godfather") brokered an agreement creating the Academy Awards of Washington, led by 'Elizabeth Taylor', 'Mame Dennis', 'Patti Duke' and 'Fanny Brice'. Beekman Place and Henry Street Houses rejoined the Academy at this time. 'Mame Dennis' (of Beekman Place), chosen as president in 1973, continues to lead the group. Bill Oates, who became known as "The Godfather", helped put together the structure of the new group. The original houses of the Academy Awards of Washington were Beekman Place, Butterfield 8, Henry Street, and Maryland House. Liberty House (led by 'Edie Gorme') was added in 1974.
In 1975, the Academy re-organized following a period of internal dispute. The new organization included the houses of Beekman Place, Dragonwyck (of Hagerstown, MD), Henry Street, Maryland House, Phoenix House, and Twelve Oaks (of Norfolk and Richmond).
In the 1960s, most hotels and clubs would not host drag events. In its first years, the Academy held monthly contests at the short-lived Uptown Lounge in Cleveland Park. It was at the Uptown that 'Liz Taylor' first did her long remembered rendition of "Letter to Daddy".
'Fanny Brice's house, Henry Street, formed a drag performance show, Showstoppers, in 1971, which premiered at Georgetown's Trinity Theatre in September 1971. In May 1972, the Showstoppers group participated in DC's first Gay Pride celebration with a show at George Washington University's Marvin Center. Showstoppers appeared at the Marvin Center from 1973 to 1981. Showstoppers endured for many years as a very popular annual production in Washington DC's GLBT community.
Until 1968 when the Washington Hilton hosted the Black Pearl Awards, most events were held at the Cairo Hotel, Casino Royale, Dodge House, and the Palm Ballroom. One of the first venues used by the Academy Awards after 1973 was the third floor area above the Hideaway and Louie's clubs at 9th and Pennsylvania NW. This third floor space became the Oscar's Eye Theatre and was used for most of the Academy and house functions. In the 1970s, Academy members became involved in the Waaay Off Broadway theatre at 55 L St. SE. Beekman place opened the theatre with its production of Cabaret. The Academy held events at the Rogue, after the latter's move to 5th and K Streets NW. In 1992, the former Waaay Off Broadway theatre became Club 55, and Academy events were invited to move there. It is still the home of many Academy functions. The Academy Awards holds events every Sunday from September through May at the Club 55, 55 L Street SE (formerly the location of the Waaay Off Broadway theatre).
Protocols and Events
From the beginning in 1961, the Academy has sponsored Oscars for Best Actress, Best Actor, Best Drag in a Series, President and First Lady, Mr and Miss Academy, Mr and Miss Showbusiness, Vice President and Vice Lady, New York Drama Critics Best Actor and Best Actress, Best Supporting Actor and Best Supporting Actress, and Mr and Miss Oscar. In addition to regularly scheduled drag balls, the Academy's top annual pageants are those for Miss Gaye Universe-DC and Miss Gaye America-DC. Monthly contests at Club 55 present Zodiac awards. Annual special awards, such as the 'Lanie Kazan', recognize outstanding contributions to the community.
At pageants, the order of appearance of award winners is strictly controlled by the Protocol. For some titles, the winners make make an entrance on stage. Top awards, such as Miss Gaye America and Miss Gay Universe, are 'walking' awards entitling the winner to take a formal presentation walk on stage before the audience.
'Fanny Brice', speaking to Bruce Pennington in a 1975 interview for Friends Radio talks about her first drag experience. Brice was 'mother' of the Henry Street drag house and founder of the popular Showstoppers revue of the 1970s.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Rizzi, Carl
Document
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Lost and Found classifieds
Subject
The topic of the resource
Gay bars--Washington (D.C.)--20th century
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Lost+and+Found+Bar">Lost and Found Bar</a>
Date
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<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=1972-01">1972-01</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=47&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Reproduction+and+use+of+this+material+requires+permission+from+the+copyright+holder.+Please+contact+the+Rainbow+History+Project+for+more+information.">Reproduction and use of this material requires permission from the copyright holder. Please contact the Rainbow History Project for more information.</a>
Format
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application/pdf
Language
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English
Type
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Text
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Washington (D.C.)
1970s
Bars and clubs
Gay bars and clubs
Lost and Found
Nightlife
-
https://archives.rainbowhistory.org/files/original/943ef06d03b10b21b4558f6ce3ddd6a0.pdf
4802d8e0879d40ca21a36d63cf15e6b8
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Carl Rizzi , Mame Dennis, and The Academy of Washington Collection 6
Alternative Title
An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific.
Carl Rizzi Papers on the Academy of Washington : Digital Collection
Description
An account of the resource
The year 1961 saw the creation of two of Washington's first organized LGBT groups, the Mattachine Society of Washington and the Oscars. The Academy Awards of Washington, an amalgam of Oscars members and Awards Club (1965) members, incorporated in 1973 in Washington, DC, provides secure venues, mentoring, and a structure for female impersonators in the area. It is one of the oldest and most enduring organizations in the nation to provide support for female impersonators.
The Climate for Drag in the Sixties
Until 'Liz Taylor' created the Oscars in the autumn of 1961, drag performers and those aspiring to 'do drag' had no organized structure, no venues, and very little safety. In the repressive atmosphere of the 1950s and 1960s, wearing drag was an invitation to scorn and physical danger. Wearing drag was illegal in most southern states, and Washington DC was indeed southern in those days, though drag was never illegal in the district. Still it invited arrest and persecution. Public social spaces didn't allow drag (an ostracism that existed until well into the 1970s). Those who wanted to wear drag did it in the privacy of their homes or at private after hour parties. Indeed, Liz Taylor's house parties at her Hollywood House on Monroe St. NW were legendary in their time.
Many clubs would not allow patrons in drag to enter, and few hosted drag shows. The single exception was the Golden Key Club in North Beach, MD. For other clubs, drag and drag shows were an option only during Halloween Week, which Mame Dennis calls "the high holy days of drag". At Halloween, the Brown Derby, the Chicken Hut, Hide-a-way, Georgetown Grill, Johnnie's, and the Rendezvous organized drag contests.
Creating a Safe Haven for Female Impersonators
Along with the Mattachine Society of Washington, the Oscars and the Awards Club were the very first organized groups for gays in the Washington area. Recalling her vision for the Academies, Liz Taylor said "... I strived to mold an elite group of people whose social life would center around drag. By creating parties and activities I knew that I would always be surrounded by people wanting to attend them... I knew that some form of drag group was necessary. I had thought about it for a long time -- and suddenly I found the answer one evening on television -- the first time I saw an Awards show called the Oscars." The first parties were held in various homes in Washington DC, which took on special names such as Blair House, Butterfield 8, Camelot, Hollywood House, Mintwood Place, Port Valada, Sand Piper, Taylor Lounge, and others. In time, these house names became the names of 'drag houses', associations of female impersonators who participated in the social activities of the Academy Awards. The first board members of the Academy were Lix Taylor (President), Bob Clauze, Prince Karl, Frankie, and 'Lena Horne'.
Organization of the Academy
The Academy's Houses in 1976
The houses of the Academy over 30 years have included Beekman Place (led by 'Mame Dennis'), Butterfield 8 ('Liz Taylor's house), Maryland House (led by 'Patty Duke'), Henry Street (led by 'Fanny Brice'), Liberty House, Dragonwyck, Phoenix House (led by 'Jean Nate'), and Twelve Oaks (led by 'Mae Bush').
In 1965, Jerry Buskirk and 'Vivien Leigh' led the formation of a second group, the Awards Club of Washington. The Awards Club organized the International Emmy Awards. By 1968, many members of the first Academy were also members of the Awards Club.
Bill Oates Jr. & Mame Dennis In May 1973 Bill Oates Jr. ("the Godfather") brokered an agreement creating the Academy Awards of Washington, led by 'Elizabeth Taylor', 'Mame Dennis', 'Patti Duke' and 'Fanny Brice'. Beekman Place and Henry Street Houses rejoined the Academy at this time. 'Mame Dennis' (of Beekman Place), chosen as president in 1973, continues to lead the group. Bill Oates, who became known as "The Godfather", helped put together the structure of the new group. The original houses of the Academy Awards of Washington were Beekman Place, Butterfield 8, Henry Street, and Maryland House. Liberty House (led by 'Edie Gorme') was added in 1974.
In 1975, the Academy re-organized following a period of internal dispute. The new organization included the houses of Beekman Place, Dragonwyck (of Hagerstown, MD), Henry Street, Maryland House, Phoenix House, and Twelve Oaks (of Norfolk and Richmond).
In the 1960s, most hotels and clubs would not host drag events. In its first years, the Academy held monthly contests at the short-lived Uptown Lounge in Cleveland Park. It was at the Uptown that 'Liz Taylor' first did her long remembered rendition of "Letter to Daddy".
'Fanny Brice's house, Henry Street, formed a drag performance show, Showstoppers, in 1971, which premiered at Georgetown's Trinity Theatre in September 1971. In May 1972, the Showstoppers group participated in DC's first Gay Pride celebration with a show at George Washington University's Marvin Center. Showstoppers appeared at the Marvin Center from 1973 to 1981. Showstoppers endured for many years as a very popular annual production in Washington DC's GLBT community.
Until 1968 when the Washington Hilton hosted the Black Pearl Awards, most events were held at the Cairo Hotel, Casino Royale, Dodge House, and the Palm Ballroom. One of the first venues used by the Academy Awards after 1973 was the third floor area above the Hideaway and Louie's clubs at 9th and Pennsylvania NW. This third floor space became the Oscar's Eye Theatre and was used for most of the Academy and house functions. In the 1970s, Academy members became involved in the Waaay Off Broadway theatre at 55 L St. SE. Beekman place opened the theatre with its production of Cabaret. The Academy held events at the Rogue, after the latter's move to 5th and K Streets NW. In 1992, the former Waaay Off Broadway theatre became Club 55, and Academy events were invited to move there. It is still the home of many Academy functions. The Academy Awards holds events every Sunday from September through May at the Club 55, 55 L Street SE (formerly the location of the Waaay Off Broadway theatre).
Protocols and Events
From the beginning in 1961, the Academy has sponsored Oscars for Best Actress, Best Actor, Best Drag in a Series, President and First Lady, Mr and Miss Academy, Mr and Miss Showbusiness, Vice President and Vice Lady, New York Drama Critics Best Actor and Best Actress, Best Supporting Actor and Best Supporting Actress, and Mr and Miss Oscar. In addition to regularly scheduled drag balls, the Academy's top annual pageants are those for Miss Gaye Universe-DC and Miss Gaye America-DC. Monthly contests at Club 55 present Zodiac awards. Annual special awards, such as the 'Lanie Kazan', recognize outstanding contributions to the community.
At pageants, the order of appearance of award winners is strictly controlled by the Protocol. For some titles, the winners make make an entrance on stage. Top awards, such as Miss Gaye America and Miss Gay Universe, are 'walking' awards entitling the winner to take a formal presentation walk on stage before the audience.
'Fanny Brice', speaking to Bruce Pennington in a 1975 interview for Friends Radio talks about her first drag experience. Brice was 'mother' of the Henry Street drag house and founder of the popular Showstoppers revue of the 1970s.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Rizzi, Carl
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Text
Any textual data included in the document.
\sl Mill K
l.somy
Outride, bjttl nour 69.
Low tonight'' Always
uinny inside . . . .
LOST AND FOUND
v Classifieds
Serving the Federal
City. \'irginia:
Horytaiui, and the
U.S.A
NO CHARGE
IIMYSIX L stKfctt, S I .WASHINGTON, 0,C, MOOJ.
A MESSAGE TO OUR PATRONS
Ob Well. You Can't Please Every One! ! I
During the past four weekends you have witnessed an effort by certain groups within
the 'community' to change the admission policies of Lost and Found Without consulting
the Management, they embarked on a campaign of picketing and harassment aimed, not
just at Lost and Found, but at our patrons. The Management, knowing that our admission
rules are A. Nondiscriminatory, B. Very liberal, and C. Equally enforced according to
District of Columbia laws, chose to ignore these pickets.
After four weeks we were finally contacted by a representative of one of the
moderate factions engaged in the picketing. After a very frank discussion, it was agreed
there had been a lack of communication, thus causing the misconceptions about our
policies. This group and thB other moderates have subsequently withdrawn their support,
leaving a handful of radicals to walk the line (excuse the pun) alone.
We apologize for the inconvenience, 3S well as the verbal garbage you were forced to
hear spewed from the mouths of the pickets as you tried to exercise your right of
freedom of choice. Thank you for your support and consequent rebuttal of this small
band of radicals who claimed to be the "representatives and moral guardians for the
'community'." When it came to making a choice between a fair policy and a flagrant case
of BIASED picketing and harassment, you voted the only way you could, WITH YOUR
FEET, AS YOU CROSSED THE PICKET LINE AND ENTERED THE LOST AND
FOUND.
THANK YOU
-See Our Policy Next Page
HALLOWEEN (Was No Drag)
Halloween (or as Mame Dennis calls it, "The High Holy Days of Drag") descended on
Lost and Found, and in one brief evening we saw enough glitter and sequins to rival the
follies. Dorothy Lamour, Mother Nature, and Vera Vamp shared the same runway and
collected prizes in the comic division of the costume contest. A table of lovely dowagers
(left over from a D.A.R. convention?) watched from the sidelines as a fabulous peacock,
outdistanced King Tut and a Moon Maiden for the honor of best costume. Catherine
Deneuve was named "Best in Drag," aver two lovely finalists: first runner-up Jessie; and
second runner-up Lana Turner.
The show for the evening, produced and directed by Fannie Brice, was expertly
executed by the cast and enthusiastically applauded by the audience. Mame Dennis was -
as always - a most gracious hostess. She handled the show in her own unique fashion,
which combines a rare blend of professionalism and humor. (She had an assist from a
"Fire Island Telephone Repairman.")
As the last feather disappeared through the door and the winners hauled away their
TV sets and silver cigarette boxes, as the last piece of glitter was removed from the carpet
and the moan set slowly in the west, we bade a fond farewell to our first Halloween
happening, know that next year's party would be hard pressed to rival this one for sheer
delight and tun.
NOVEMBER EVENTS
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SITUATIONS
Congratulations on successful Halloween shows are in order for the Pier 9, Plus One, The
^deway, Johnny's and the Life Raft, and to their lovely new title holders for this year.
Diane Caroll (Miss Pier 9), Inger Stevens (Miss Piazza 9), Jessie (Plus One). Harlow (The
-(ideway), Margo Channlng, (Johnny's) and Barbara Parkins (The Life Raft).
'OUR POLICY"
The Management ol the "Lost and Found," after two weeks of attempted harrnssmuni, takes ttiit
opportunity to make the following lMtement ID the public:
For admission, the management requires two valid identifications A valid identification it any
document or card legally issued by the government or an employer, which provides the nam*, date of
birth, and signature of the holder. Photographs will be required only If that* Is a Question of validity
of the identification presented. Draft cards are not acceptable as they are too easily obtained and
forged.
The above identification requirement is no way intended to discriminate against any person.
District of Columbia Law makes the Management responsible and it mutt be the arbiter when there it
ANY question Involving identification.
In addition, management has set the tone governing the dress of any individual entering Its
restaurant. These House Regulations on dress are potted in the foyer, are liberal, equally applied and
should not offend anyone.
Lust and Found hat been designed in hopes of providing and improving the social activities within
the community and it welcomes any suggestions that may be helpful in improving the quality of its
services. One of the services, the Lost and Found's bulletin, "The Classified." is available tor free
announcements for ANY group within the community. This service was available prior to opening and
not as a result of picket demands
The management will continue to enforce its Haute Reguletions on dress and to require two (2)
identifications from all patrons and persons IB to 20 years old will not be admitted. The reason for
the 18 to 20 regulation it that there is always an adult williny ro buy a juvenilia a drink and it it
impossible to check each individual drink served.
• SH0WSTOPPERS# * , , # **
On the evenings of November 29th and 30th, Lost and Found, In conjunction with
Henry Street, Inc., will present excerpts from "Fanny Brice's Showstoppers." The
production features hit songs from Broadway Shows including such notable showstoppers
as "Those Beautiful Girls," f'om Follies, "Let Me Entertain You," from Gypsy, "It's A
Typical Day," from Little Abner and the "Tea For Two" number (with a cast of
thousands), from No No Nannetto. Because of the length of the show, it will be presented
in two acts. The first act will be performed on Monday the 29th and the second act on
Tuesday, the 30th. The show will start at 10:00 o'clock. Tickets for both nights will be
sold on a first come first served basis and no seats will be reserved. The sale price of the
tickets is S3.00 for a single performance (one night) or $5.00 if you wish to attend both
evenings. Please remember, that each night will be a different show. Tickets are on sale at
rho Lost and Found and may be purchased from John LaMothe.
For those customers who wish to have dinner, it will be served from 6:00 to 9:00
with reservations taken no later ttiari 7:30. Dinner guests who wish to see the
performances will be required ID purchase tickets.
Because of the publicity and rave reviews that greeted the original performance of
Showstoppers, last September at Trinity Theatre, we know there will be a stampede for
tickets. So don't be disappointed, get your ticket or tickets early and come enjoy two of
the most delightful nights of entertainment you will ever experience.
GAY CRAPHIES COOP . . . offers fast duplicating graphies, and photographic services.
We'll get in touch with you. Randy and Dick (Owners). . . for information contact Bill
Parry.
THANK YOU FOR YOUR HELP
In the first issue of the "Classified," there were a few (would you believe quite a few)
errors. I want to thank alt my friends who so patiently pointed out each and every error
to me (what would I do without you??). . . The most talked about error was a mistske in
the spelling of a very famous swimming movie star of the early fifties (remember??)...
Just to show yrm that I'm not loo imponant to take criticism. I now publically and in
print admit my mistake and offer this correction Her name is not Spelled EASTER
WILLIAMS. IT is spelled EEASTER WILLYUMS thank you and Love
you.
BRUNCH AND TEA DANCE . .. EVERY SUNDAY
Come join us every Sunday for Brunch
from J 2:00 to 3:00
and then stay for the Tea Dane a
Featuring a Live Band
THE APPALOOSA
(that's the name of the band)
The Tea Dance has proven great fun and hai been welt nt i
by our friends.
So ... come on down
or
come on up . . . depending where you are at...
THE COST OF THE BRUNCH
$2.50
CONGRATULATIONS TO THE NEW MISS AMERICA-1972
Miss Ann Margaret
and
The Awards Club of America
for a very successful show.
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printed newsletter
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Lost and Found classifieds
Subject
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Gay bars--Washington (D.C.)--20th century
Discrimination against African Americans--Washington (D.C.)--20th century
Creator
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<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Lost+and+Found+Bar">Lost and Found Bar</a>
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Carl Rizzi Papers on the Academy Awards of Washington
Date
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<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=1971-11">1971-11</a>
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<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=47&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Reproduction+and+use+of+this+material+requires+permission+from+the+copyright+holder.+Please+contact+the+Rainbow+History+Project+for+more+information.">Reproduction and use of this material requires permission from the copyright holder. Please contact the Rainbow History Project for more information.</a>
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application/pdf
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English
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Text
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Washington (D.C.)
1970s
African Americans
Bars and clubs
Discrimination
Gay bars and clubs
Lost and Found
Nightlife
Racism
-
https://archives.rainbowhistory.org/files/original/e4857e1c811c49da8568eaad52905dfe.pdf
25042862cd9def2bbe5b6e1d2bf5c82c
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Carl Rizzi , Mame Dennis, and The Academy of Washington Collection 6
Alternative Title
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Carl Rizzi Papers on the Academy of Washington : Digital Collection
Description
An account of the resource
The year 1961 saw the creation of two of Washington's first organized LGBT groups, the Mattachine Society of Washington and the Oscars. The Academy Awards of Washington, an amalgam of Oscars members and Awards Club (1965) members, incorporated in 1973 in Washington, DC, provides secure venues, mentoring, and a structure for female impersonators in the area. It is one of the oldest and most enduring organizations in the nation to provide support for female impersonators.
The Climate for Drag in the Sixties
Until 'Liz Taylor' created the Oscars in the autumn of 1961, drag performers and those aspiring to 'do drag' had no organized structure, no venues, and very little safety. In the repressive atmosphere of the 1950s and 1960s, wearing drag was an invitation to scorn and physical danger. Wearing drag was illegal in most southern states, and Washington DC was indeed southern in those days, though drag was never illegal in the district. Still it invited arrest and persecution. Public social spaces didn't allow drag (an ostracism that existed until well into the 1970s). Those who wanted to wear drag did it in the privacy of their homes or at private after hour parties. Indeed, Liz Taylor's house parties at her Hollywood House on Monroe St. NW were legendary in their time.
Many clubs would not allow patrons in drag to enter, and few hosted drag shows. The single exception was the Golden Key Club in North Beach, MD. For other clubs, drag and drag shows were an option only during Halloween Week, which Mame Dennis calls "the high holy days of drag". At Halloween, the Brown Derby, the Chicken Hut, Hide-a-way, Georgetown Grill, Johnnie's, and the Rendezvous organized drag contests.
Creating a Safe Haven for Female Impersonators
Along with the Mattachine Society of Washington, the Oscars and the Awards Club were the very first organized groups for gays in the Washington area. Recalling her vision for the Academies, Liz Taylor said "... I strived to mold an elite group of people whose social life would center around drag. By creating parties and activities I knew that I would always be surrounded by people wanting to attend them... I knew that some form of drag group was necessary. I had thought about it for a long time -- and suddenly I found the answer one evening on television -- the first time I saw an Awards show called the Oscars." The first parties were held in various homes in Washington DC, which took on special names such as Blair House, Butterfield 8, Camelot, Hollywood House, Mintwood Place, Port Valada, Sand Piper, Taylor Lounge, and others. In time, these house names became the names of 'drag houses', associations of female impersonators who participated in the social activities of the Academy Awards. The first board members of the Academy were Lix Taylor (President), Bob Clauze, Prince Karl, Frankie, and 'Lena Horne'.
Organization of the Academy
The Academy's Houses in 1976
The houses of the Academy over 30 years have included Beekman Place (led by 'Mame Dennis'), Butterfield 8 ('Liz Taylor's house), Maryland House (led by 'Patty Duke'), Henry Street (led by 'Fanny Brice'), Liberty House, Dragonwyck, Phoenix House (led by 'Jean Nate'), and Twelve Oaks (led by 'Mae Bush').
In 1965, Jerry Buskirk and 'Vivien Leigh' led the formation of a second group, the Awards Club of Washington. The Awards Club organized the International Emmy Awards. By 1968, many members of the first Academy were also members of the Awards Club.
Bill Oates Jr. & Mame Dennis In May 1973 Bill Oates Jr. ("the Godfather") brokered an agreement creating the Academy Awards of Washington, led by 'Elizabeth Taylor', 'Mame Dennis', 'Patti Duke' and 'Fanny Brice'. Beekman Place and Henry Street Houses rejoined the Academy at this time. 'Mame Dennis' (of Beekman Place), chosen as president in 1973, continues to lead the group. Bill Oates, who became known as "The Godfather", helped put together the structure of the new group. The original houses of the Academy Awards of Washington were Beekman Place, Butterfield 8, Henry Street, and Maryland House. Liberty House (led by 'Edie Gorme') was added in 1974.
In 1975, the Academy re-organized following a period of internal dispute. The new organization included the houses of Beekman Place, Dragonwyck (of Hagerstown, MD), Henry Street, Maryland House, Phoenix House, and Twelve Oaks (of Norfolk and Richmond).
In the 1960s, most hotels and clubs would not host drag events. In its first years, the Academy held monthly contests at the short-lived Uptown Lounge in Cleveland Park. It was at the Uptown that 'Liz Taylor' first did her long remembered rendition of "Letter to Daddy".
'Fanny Brice's house, Henry Street, formed a drag performance show, Showstoppers, in 1971, which premiered at Georgetown's Trinity Theatre in September 1971. In May 1972, the Showstoppers group participated in DC's first Gay Pride celebration with a show at George Washington University's Marvin Center. Showstoppers appeared at the Marvin Center from 1973 to 1981. Showstoppers endured for many years as a very popular annual production in Washington DC's GLBT community.
Until 1968 when the Washington Hilton hosted the Black Pearl Awards, most events were held at the Cairo Hotel, Casino Royale, Dodge House, and the Palm Ballroom. One of the first venues used by the Academy Awards after 1973 was the third floor area above the Hideaway and Louie's clubs at 9th and Pennsylvania NW. This third floor space became the Oscar's Eye Theatre and was used for most of the Academy and house functions. In the 1970s, Academy members became involved in the Waaay Off Broadway theatre at 55 L St. SE. Beekman place opened the theatre with its production of Cabaret. The Academy held events at the Rogue, after the latter's move to 5th and K Streets NW. In 1992, the former Waaay Off Broadway theatre became Club 55, and Academy events were invited to move there. It is still the home of many Academy functions. The Academy Awards holds events every Sunday from September through May at the Club 55, 55 L Street SE (formerly the location of the Waaay Off Broadway theatre).
Protocols and Events
From the beginning in 1961, the Academy has sponsored Oscars for Best Actress, Best Actor, Best Drag in a Series, President and First Lady, Mr and Miss Academy, Mr and Miss Showbusiness, Vice President and Vice Lady, New York Drama Critics Best Actor and Best Actress, Best Supporting Actor and Best Supporting Actress, and Mr and Miss Oscar. In addition to regularly scheduled drag balls, the Academy's top annual pageants are those for Miss Gaye Universe-DC and Miss Gaye America-DC. Monthly contests at Club 55 present Zodiac awards. Annual special awards, such as the 'Lanie Kazan', recognize outstanding contributions to the community.
At pageants, the order of appearance of award winners is strictly controlled by the Protocol. For some titles, the winners make make an entrance on stage. Top awards, such as Miss Gaye America and Miss Gay Universe, are 'walking' awards entitling the winner to take a formal presentation walk on stage before the audience.
'Fanny Brice', speaking to Bruce Pennington in a 1975 interview for Friends Radio talks about her first drag experience. Brice was 'mother' of the Henry Street drag house and founder of the popular Showstoppers revue of the 1970s.
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Rizzi, Carl
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Title
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Lost and Found classifieds
Subject
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Gay bars--Washington (D.C.)--20th century
Drag shows--Washington (D.C.)--20th century
Creator
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<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Lost+and+Found+Bar">Lost and Found Bar</a>
Date
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<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=1971-10">1971-10</a>
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<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=47&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Reproduction+and+use+of+this+material+requires+permission+from+the+copyright+holder.+Please+contact+the+Rainbow+History+Project+for+more+information.">Reproduction and use of this material requires permission from the copyright holder. Please contact the Rainbow History Project for more information.</a>
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application/pdf
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English
Type
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Text
Coverage
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Washington (D.C.)
1970s
Bars and clubs
Drag performances
Gay bars and clubs
Lost and Found
Nightlife
-
https://archives.rainbowhistory.org/files/original/212009021e2c204b660e45226b9b361c.pdf
45672a9915f912e161ca3264045d2180
Dublin Core
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Title
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Carl Rizzi , Mame Dennis, and The Academy of Washington Collection 6
Alternative Title
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Carl Rizzi Papers on the Academy of Washington : Digital Collection
Description
An account of the resource
The year 1961 saw the creation of two of Washington's first organized LGBT groups, the Mattachine Society of Washington and the Oscars. The Academy Awards of Washington, an amalgam of Oscars members and Awards Club (1965) members, incorporated in 1973 in Washington, DC, provides secure venues, mentoring, and a structure for female impersonators in the area. It is one of the oldest and most enduring organizations in the nation to provide support for female impersonators.
The Climate for Drag in the Sixties
Until 'Liz Taylor' created the Oscars in the autumn of 1961, drag performers and those aspiring to 'do drag' had no organized structure, no venues, and very little safety. In the repressive atmosphere of the 1950s and 1960s, wearing drag was an invitation to scorn and physical danger. Wearing drag was illegal in most southern states, and Washington DC was indeed southern in those days, though drag was never illegal in the district. Still it invited arrest and persecution. Public social spaces didn't allow drag (an ostracism that existed until well into the 1970s). Those who wanted to wear drag did it in the privacy of their homes or at private after hour parties. Indeed, Liz Taylor's house parties at her Hollywood House on Monroe St. NW were legendary in their time.
Many clubs would not allow patrons in drag to enter, and few hosted drag shows. The single exception was the Golden Key Club in North Beach, MD. For other clubs, drag and drag shows were an option only during Halloween Week, which Mame Dennis calls "the high holy days of drag". At Halloween, the Brown Derby, the Chicken Hut, Hide-a-way, Georgetown Grill, Johnnie's, and the Rendezvous organized drag contests.
Creating a Safe Haven for Female Impersonators
Along with the Mattachine Society of Washington, the Oscars and the Awards Club were the very first organized groups for gays in the Washington area. Recalling her vision for the Academies, Liz Taylor said "... I strived to mold an elite group of people whose social life would center around drag. By creating parties and activities I knew that I would always be surrounded by people wanting to attend them... I knew that some form of drag group was necessary. I had thought about it for a long time -- and suddenly I found the answer one evening on television -- the first time I saw an Awards show called the Oscars." The first parties were held in various homes in Washington DC, which took on special names such as Blair House, Butterfield 8, Camelot, Hollywood House, Mintwood Place, Port Valada, Sand Piper, Taylor Lounge, and others. In time, these house names became the names of 'drag houses', associations of female impersonators who participated in the social activities of the Academy Awards. The first board members of the Academy were Lix Taylor (President), Bob Clauze, Prince Karl, Frankie, and 'Lena Horne'.
Organization of the Academy
The Academy's Houses in 1976
The houses of the Academy over 30 years have included Beekman Place (led by 'Mame Dennis'), Butterfield 8 ('Liz Taylor's house), Maryland House (led by 'Patty Duke'), Henry Street (led by 'Fanny Brice'), Liberty House, Dragonwyck, Phoenix House (led by 'Jean Nate'), and Twelve Oaks (led by 'Mae Bush').
In 1965, Jerry Buskirk and 'Vivien Leigh' led the formation of a second group, the Awards Club of Washington. The Awards Club organized the International Emmy Awards. By 1968, many members of the first Academy were also members of the Awards Club.
Bill Oates Jr. & Mame Dennis In May 1973 Bill Oates Jr. ("the Godfather") brokered an agreement creating the Academy Awards of Washington, led by 'Elizabeth Taylor', 'Mame Dennis', 'Patti Duke' and 'Fanny Brice'. Beekman Place and Henry Street Houses rejoined the Academy at this time. 'Mame Dennis' (of Beekman Place), chosen as president in 1973, continues to lead the group. Bill Oates, who became known as "The Godfather", helped put together the structure of the new group. The original houses of the Academy Awards of Washington were Beekman Place, Butterfield 8, Henry Street, and Maryland House. Liberty House (led by 'Edie Gorme') was added in 1974.
In 1975, the Academy re-organized following a period of internal dispute. The new organization included the houses of Beekman Place, Dragonwyck (of Hagerstown, MD), Henry Street, Maryland House, Phoenix House, and Twelve Oaks (of Norfolk and Richmond).
In the 1960s, most hotels and clubs would not host drag events. In its first years, the Academy held monthly contests at the short-lived Uptown Lounge in Cleveland Park. It was at the Uptown that 'Liz Taylor' first did her long remembered rendition of "Letter to Daddy".
'Fanny Brice's house, Henry Street, formed a drag performance show, Showstoppers, in 1971, which premiered at Georgetown's Trinity Theatre in September 1971. In May 1972, the Showstoppers group participated in DC's first Gay Pride celebration with a show at George Washington University's Marvin Center. Showstoppers appeared at the Marvin Center from 1973 to 1981. Showstoppers endured for many years as a very popular annual production in Washington DC's GLBT community.
Until 1968 when the Washington Hilton hosted the Black Pearl Awards, most events were held at the Cairo Hotel, Casino Royale, Dodge House, and the Palm Ballroom. One of the first venues used by the Academy Awards after 1973 was the third floor area above the Hideaway and Louie's clubs at 9th and Pennsylvania NW. This third floor space became the Oscar's Eye Theatre and was used for most of the Academy and house functions. In the 1970s, Academy members became involved in the Waaay Off Broadway theatre at 55 L St. SE. Beekman place opened the theatre with its production of Cabaret. The Academy held events at the Rogue, after the latter's move to 5th and K Streets NW. In 1992, the former Waaay Off Broadway theatre became Club 55, and Academy events were invited to move there. It is still the home of many Academy functions. The Academy Awards holds events every Sunday from September through May at the Club 55, 55 L Street SE (formerly the location of the Waaay Off Broadway theatre).
Protocols and Events
From the beginning in 1961, the Academy has sponsored Oscars for Best Actress, Best Actor, Best Drag in a Series, President and First Lady, Mr and Miss Academy, Mr and Miss Showbusiness, Vice President and Vice Lady, New York Drama Critics Best Actor and Best Actress, Best Supporting Actor and Best Supporting Actress, and Mr and Miss Oscar. In addition to regularly scheduled drag balls, the Academy's top annual pageants are those for Miss Gaye Universe-DC and Miss Gaye America-DC. Monthly contests at Club 55 present Zodiac awards. Annual special awards, such as the 'Lanie Kazan', recognize outstanding contributions to the community.
At pageants, the order of appearance of award winners is strictly controlled by the Protocol. For some titles, the winners make make an entrance on stage. Top awards, such as Miss Gaye America and Miss Gay Universe, are 'walking' awards entitling the winner to take a formal presentation walk on stage before the audience.
'Fanny Brice', speaking to Bruce Pennington in a 1975 interview for Friends Radio talks about her first drag experience. Brice was 'mother' of the Henry Street drag house and founder of the popular Showstoppers revue of the 1970s.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Rizzi, Carl
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Text
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WEATHER
Mostly cloudy, gloomy
ouliklc. high near 69.
Low tonight? Always
«inny inside
L LOST AND FOUND
Classifieds
Sening the Fedrnt
City. Virginia,
Maryland, and the
NO CHARGE
FIFTY-SIX L STREET, S.E.-WASHINGTON, D.C. 20003.
A MESSAGE TO OUR PATRONS
Oh Well. You Can't Please Every One! I!
During the past four weekends you have witnessed an effort by certain groups within
the'community'to change the admission policies of Lost and Found. Without consulting
the Management, they embarked on a campaign of picketing and harassment aimed, not
just at Lost and Found, but at our patrons. The Management, knowing that our admission
rules are A. Non-discriminatory, B. Very liberal, and C. Equally enforced according to
District of Columbia laws, chose to ignore these pickets.
After four weeks we were finally contacted by a representative of one of the
moderate factions engaged in the picketing. After a very frank discussion, it was agreed
there had been a lack of communication, thus causing the misconceptions about our
policies. This group and the other moderates have subsequently withdrawn their support,
leaving a handful of radicals to walk the line (excuse the pun) alone.
We apologize for the inconvenience, as well as the verbal garbage you were forced to
hear spewed from the mouths of the pickets as you tried to exercise your right of
freedom of choice. Thank you for your support and consequent rebuttal of this small
band of radicals who claimed to be the "representatives and moral guardians for the
'community'." When it came to making a choice between a fair policy and a flagrant case
of BIASED picketing and harassment, you voted the only way you could, WITH YOUR
FEET, AS YOU CROSSED THE PICKET LINE AND ENTERED THE LOST AND
FOUND.
THANK YOU
—See Our Policy Next Page
"OUR POLICY"
The Management of the "Lost and Found," after two weeks of attempted harrassment, takes this
opportunity to make the following statement to the public:
For admission, the management requires two valid identifications. A valid identification is any
document or card legally issued by the government or an employer, which provides the name, date of
birth, and signature of the holder. Photographs will be required only if there is a question of validity
of the identification presented. Draft cards are not acceptable as they are too easily obtained and
forged.
The above identification requirement is no way intended to discriminate against any person.
District of Columbia Law makes the Management responsible and it must be the arbiter when there is
ANY question involving identification.
In addition, management has set the tone governing the dress of any individual entering its
restaurant. These House Regulations on dress are posted in the foyer, are liberal, equally applied and
should not offend anyone.
Lost and Found has been designed in hopes of providing and improving me social activities within
the community and it welcomes any suggestions that may be helpful in improving the quality of its
services. One of the services, the Lost and Pound's bulletin, "The Classified," is available for free
announcements for ANY group within the community. This service was available prior to opening and
not as a result of picket demands
The management will continue to enforce its House Regulations on dress and to require two (2)
identifications from all patrons and persons 18 to 20 years old will not be admitted. The reason for
the 18 to 20 regulation is that there is always an adult willing to buy a juvenille a drink and it is
impossible to check each individual drink served.
* * * * * * S H 0 W S T 0 P P E R S * * * * * *
On the evenings of November 29th and 30th, Lost and Found, in conjunction with
Henry Street, Inc., will present excerpts from "Fanny Brice's Showstoppers." The
production features hit songs from Broadway Shows including such notable showstoppers
as "Those Beautiful Girls," from Follies, "Let Me Entertain You," from Gypsy, "It's A
Typical Day," from Little Abner and the "Tea For Two" number (with a cast of
thousands), from No No Nannette. Because of the length of the show, it will be presented
in two acts. The first act will be performed on Monday the 29th and the second act on
Tuesday, the 30th. The show will start at 10:00 o'clock. Tickets for both nights will be
sold on a first come first served basis and no seats will be reserved. The sale price of the
tickets is $3.00 for a single performance (one night) or $5.00 if you wish to attend both
evenings. Please remember, that each night will be a different show. Tickets are on sale at
the Lost and Found and may be purchased from John LaMothe.
For those customers who wish to have dinner, it will be served from 6:00 to 9:00
with reservations taken no later than 7:30. Dinner guests who wish to see the
performances will be required to purchase tickets.
Because of the publicity and rave reviews that greeted the original performance of
Showstoppers, last September at Trinity Theatre, we know there will be a stampede for
tickets. So don't be disappointed, get your ticket or tickets early and come enjoy two of
the most delightful nights of entertainment you will ever experience.
***************
GAY CRAPHIES COOP . . . offers fast duplicating graphies, and photographic services.
We'll get in touch with you. Randy and Dick (Owners). . . for information contact Bill
Parry.
* * * * * *
Original Format
If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
printed newsletter
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
A message to our patrons from the Lost and Found
Subject
The topic of the resource
Discrimination against African Americans--Washington (D.C.)--20th century
Gay bars--Washington (D.C.)--20th century
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Lost+and+Found+Bar">Lost and Found Bar</a>
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=47&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Reproduction+and+use+of+this+material+requires+permission+from+the+copyright+holder.+Please+contact+the+Rainbow+History+Project+for+more+information.">Reproduction and use of this material requires permission from the copyright holder. Please contact the Rainbow History Project for more information.</a>
Format
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application/pdf
Language
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English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Text
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Washington (D.C.)
African Americans
Bars and clubs
Discrimination
Gay bars and clubs
Gay men
Lost and Found
Nightlife
-
https://archives.rainbowhistory.org/files/original/b056ba7eea5abb8877ecc2600de132b2.pdf
8f30a2279d3b790d1c93887308bbf71b
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Bruce Pennington Papers (Series IV)
Description
An account of the resource
Consists of personal correspondence and photographs; career resumes, diplomas, and school documents; topical files and documents including the Gay Liberation Front-DC; business files, manuscripts, and newsletters from his tenure as president of Black and White Men Together-DC; files of NAMES PROJECT: AIDS Memorial Quilt, memorabilia and obituaries of prominent members of the Washington, DC community, drafts of articles for The Advocate. Also includes collected ephemera including gay-themed t-shirts, buttons, periodicals, and videotapes.<br /><br /><span><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1mGP65vYKaPiJSbU1f-9yttWQscoBBGbzrREb0xvFoiI/edit?usp=sharing"><strong>VIEW ONLINE FINDING AID</strong></a></span>
Access Rights
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<span>Some items are available online. </span>Collection is available for “fair use" <span>to all researchers at </span><a href="http://www.dchistory.org/research/">the DC History Center</a> as <span>MS 0764 RHP, Series IV Pennington. Material may be protected by copyright.<br /><br /><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1mGP65vYKaPiJSbU1f-9yttWQscoBBGbzrREb0xvFoiI/edit?usp=sharing"><strong>VIEW ONLINE FINDING AID</strong></a><br /></span>
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Pennington, Bruce C., 1947-2003
Bruce C Pennington was born in Rugby, ND on September 17, 1947 and died in Washington, DC on August 26, 2003. He arrived in Washington, DC in the autumn of 1968 to work initially for Liberation News Service. In Washington, DC he was an early member of the Gay Liberation Front (1970-1974), founding member of the Stonewall Nation Media Collective, producers of the Friends radio program on WGTB-FM and WPFW-FM (1973-1982), of Black and White Men Together-DC, and of the Rainbow History Project (2000-2003). He served on the Washington, DC Human Rights Commission from 1988 to 1991. Pennington worked professionally as a chef and restaurant manager and a teacher of English. As one of the first gay men to serve as a foster parent to a gay youth, he gave credibility to the gay foster parenting campaign.
Document
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Text
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GAY PEOPLE: HAVE-WE COME THIS FAR ONLY TO LEAVE BEHIND SOME OF US?
As you know by now, Washington's gay organizations have begun a series •-- *#
of legal actions, including a weekend picket, against the new:Lost and Found on
L Street, Southeast. Why? Because of flagrant discrimination against gay
blacks and women.
L & F's racist policies were explicitly acknowledged by Bill Parry,
representing the Lost and Found management, in an October 15 meeting with Paul
Kuntzler of GAA, a 10-year veteran of the Washington gay movement. Parry
declared: "This is a Southern city." (A reference to when Washington had
legalized segregation twenty years ago.) He said that if possible, the Lost
and Found would bar all-black people, and clearly indicated that the principal -~
reason for L_&_F's I.D- was to exclude as many gay blacks as- possible.
This is how the Lost and Found game is played: Two pieces of I.D. are
required, Parry says. A driver's license and a "passport or a birth certificate."
Such conventional identification as a"draft card or a government
employee I.D. card are not acceptable." However, generally only black gays are
asked for identification—whites are not, except those who actually appear
under age.
What are the objectives of the L & F game? Parry intimated that the
Lost and Found is only interested in serving the most affluent gay crowd,
primarily white suburbia, (in a black ghetto!) Parry rationalizes that "black
people are generally poor and, besides, most of our patrons are bigots." In
any case, the Lost and Found does not want to cater to those gays, black or
white,"who spend only $2.25 a night in our bar."
Now, to answer two questions: It's true that some token blacks are seen
in the Lost and Found. The. bar has no choice but to admit those few blacks who
are willing to meet L & F's I.D. requirements. It is also true that the I.D.s
of many whites are now being checked—as a temporary response to the picket
line outside.
However, Washington gay organizations are not interested in momentary
pretenses at non-discrimination. We will accept only their uncompromising
agreement to end all discrimination against all gay people--a resolution that
provides the necessary guarantees.
In regard to women, the Lost, and Found's double-standard dress requirement
for women will not be tolerated. If men can wear blue jeans, so too can
women.
Many of you have said that you think it distressing that homosexuals are
fighting one another. We agree. Let's resolve this conflict. We ask the Lost
and Found management to begin discussions with us.
We, too, think the Lost and Found is beautiful. We congratulate them.
And when they change their oppressive policies, the club will be even more
beautiful.
In addition, we are fully cognizant of their substantial investments
and the need to make a return and a good one. However, we will not allow them
to realize extravagant profits at the expense of the human dignity and freedom
of certain gay people.
£5>&T5S,
- 2
We who represent you in our struggle to improve the quality of gay life
have come belately:to the recognition that we are not just the defender of
white, male homosexuals, but the representative of all gay people. The Lost
and Found management will have to recognize, too, that the year is 1971; those
days when Washington was a "Southern city" are gone.
All of us, finally, should understand that either we are all together
or none of us is together. As gay people we have advanced too far to now
leave behind some of us who are black or female.
*•*##-*-*•#•#•*
The following Washington gay organizations request that the Lost and
Found end their racist, sexist, immoral, and illegal policies and implement
the list of our 10 demands necessary to resolve this conflict:
The Mattachine Society of Washington
Evangelical Catholic Community •
The Black Caucus
Gay Activists Alliance*
Alabama Avenue Collective
Skyline Faggots
The Breadbox
Gay Women's Open House
Student Homophile Assn. of the Univ. of Maryland
Easter Day Collective
Hand-to-Hand Newspaper
1971 Kameny for Congress Campaign Committee
• • The Women's Film Festival
"Our House" Collective
Gay Liberation Front
Gay Men's Open House
Gay Campus Ministry of the Univ. of Maryland
Applecore Collective
Metropolitan Community Church
(Motion passed last Sunday by Church membership)
Original Format
If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Mimeographed flyer
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Title
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Gay people : have we come this far only to leave behind some of us?
Subject
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Gay bars--Washington (D.C.)--20th century
Discrimination against African Americans--Washington (D.C.)--20th century
Committee for Open Gay Bars (Organization)
Creator
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<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Committee+for+Open+Gay+Bars">Committee for Open Gay Bars</a>
Source
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Bruce Pennington Papers
Date
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<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=1974-10-23">1974-10-23</a>
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<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=47&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Reproduction+and+use+of+this+material+requires+permission+from+the+copyright+holder.+Please+contact+the+Rainbow+History+Project+for+more+information.">Reproduction and use of this material requires permission from the copyright holder. Please contact the Rainbow History Project for more information.</a>
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English
Type
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Text
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Washington (D.C.)
1970s
African Americans
Bars and clubs
Discrimination
Gay bars and clubs
Lost and Found
Racism
-
https://archives.rainbowhistory.org/files/original/d46859366c769efe94731360d930f2a5.pdf
91e116a0de86908a465862ea791fbb66
Dublin Core
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Title
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David Aiken Papers (Series II)
Description
An account of the resource
The collection includes many drafts of articles he had written on the issues confronting the LGBT community of the time. They are rough drafts, with typographical errors, handwritten notes and corrections, and numerous rewrites. They are also an important source for the events and issues of the period. His files also contain primary documents, leaflets, and notes of interviews connected with the articles he wrote. <br /><br />Aiken, a local gay activist, member at one time of the Gay Liberation Front and a resident of GLF House (1620 St St. NW), Washington correspondent for The Advocate, was also a member of the Stonewall Nation Media Collective which broadcast the Friends radio show on WGBT and WPFW radio for nine years. His broadcasts on Friends seem to have complemented many of the stories on which he worked. In the mid-Seventies, he chaired the Washington Area Gay Community Council. He also served as a founder of Black and White Men Together's DC chapter and edited its newsletter. <br /><br />The Aiken Articles <br />David Aiken's drafts of articles he submitted to the Advocate and other publications in the 1970s document many of the local and national issues confronting the LGBTQ community of the period. As such, they are an important resource of people, events, and issues for students and researchers. The collection contains Aiken's handwritten interview notes as well. The draft articles are listed below by topic.<br /><br /><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vR7ZGpQXij9EKhAxYVXnkL-5pIo-T66TtXIxK1Zm_fNsBg4nhoimqkQupb3X0CFM1-Frn-mwtBLMuO4/pub" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><strong>VIEW ONLINE FINDING AID</strong></a>
Contributor
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Aiken, David L. (David Lewis), 1945-1986
Access Rights
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Some items are online. <br /><br /><span>Open to all people, by appointment, at the </span><a href="http://www.dchistory.org/research/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">DC History Center.</a> <span>Collection is available for “fair use.” Material may be protected by copyright.</span><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://dchistory.org/uploads/fa/ms0764.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">VIEW ONLINE FINDING AID</a>
Creator
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David Lewis Aiken, 1945-1986
Date
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1971-1986
Document
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Text
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covrnKMtNT or THE DISTRICT or COLUMBIA
ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE CONTROL HOARD
Room 201, District Building, Washington, I). C. 20001
[ APPLICATION FOR ABC LICENSE (SHORT FORM)
To be used only if applicant is the holder of a license of the same class for the same place.
(Ploaj* typo or prinl In Ink. Use roverso sido whoro rincmsty) ££jjt±
DO NOT Wltri'K IN THIS Sl>/>
Appl. No. _. ^<.'XVf^-
Issued „ / • £ dlZ- v/z/i
SER. NO. ^^Ar./JXU..
1 License year ending
1/31/7&
2 License No.
11274
3 Full nnmo of licensce(s) (Last, first, middle)
INTERCO, INC.
4 Phone No.
Home:
Business: 5 5 4 - 1 3 28
5 Trade name (if any)
• GRAND CENTRAL
7 Residence addrcss(es) of licensce(s)
901 New Jersey Ave., S. E . , Washington, D. C.
20003
6 Address of premises upon which business is conducted, zip
901 New Jersey Ave. , S. E . , Washington, D. C.
21)003
8 Type and class of license applied for:
• Manufacturer • A K) C
D Wholesaler • B n c l ub
XK) Retailer • D • Howl
r j L X[/f Reslcuronl
9 . IF A CO] PRORATION, give the NAME and HOME ADDRESS of the following:
Glen Thompson
2700 Q St., N. W. , Washington, D. C.
George Dotson
.4206 Columbia Pike, Arlington, Virginia
same as Vice-President
same as President
President
Vice-President
Secretary
Treasurer
10 If any persons have acquired stock in the corporation since the previous application for a license was filed, give the follow
information about each:
Name Address Number of Shares
AS PER ATTACHED LIST
11 During the past year, has anyone listed in Item 3 or Item 9 been arrested for or convicted of any charge (except minor violations)?
XX No
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Grand Central application for liquor license
Subject
The topic of the resource
Gay bars--Washington (D.C.)--20th century
Discrimination against African Americans--Washington (D.C.)--20th century
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
David Aiken Papers and Photographs, 1971-1986
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=1975-01-22">1975-01-22</a>
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<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=47&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Reproduction+and+use+of+this+material+requires+permission+from+the+copyright+holder.+Please+contact+the+Rainbow+History+Project+for+more+information.">Reproduction and use of this material requires permission from the copyright holder. Please contact the Rainbow History Project for more information.</a>
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application/pdf
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English
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Text
Coverage
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Washington (D.C.)
African Americans
Discrimination
Grand Central
Racism
-
https://archives.rainbowhistory.org/files/original/e72f675e97b84e742978d0d13ffc001e.pdf
fad5c5d91f337d8ac6e51caaff629855
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
David Aiken Papers (Series II)
Description
An account of the resource
The collection includes many drafts of articles he had written on the issues confronting the LGBT community of the time. They are rough drafts, with typographical errors, handwritten notes and corrections, and numerous rewrites. They are also an important source for the events and issues of the period. His files also contain primary documents, leaflets, and notes of interviews connected with the articles he wrote. <br /><br />Aiken, a local gay activist, member at one time of the Gay Liberation Front and a resident of GLF House (1620 St St. NW), Washington correspondent for The Advocate, was also a member of the Stonewall Nation Media Collective which broadcast the Friends radio show on WGBT and WPFW radio for nine years. His broadcasts on Friends seem to have complemented many of the stories on which he worked. In the mid-Seventies, he chaired the Washington Area Gay Community Council. He also served as a founder of Black and White Men Together's DC chapter and edited its newsletter. <br /><br />The Aiken Articles <br />David Aiken's drafts of articles he submitted to the Advocate and other publications in the 1970s document many of the local and national issues confronting the LGBTQ community of the period. As such, they are an important resource of people, events, and issues for students and researchers. The collection contains Aiken's handwritten interview notes as well. The draft articles are listed below by topic.<br /><br /><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vR7ZGpQXij9EKhAxYVXnkL-5pIo-T66TtXIxK1Zm_fNsBg4nhoimqkQupb3X0CFM1-Frn-mwtBLMuO4/pub" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><strong>VIEW ONLINE FINDING AID</strong></a>
Contributor
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Aiken, David L. (David Lewis), 1945-1986
Access Rights
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Some items are online. <br /><br /><span>Open to all people, by appointment, at the </span><a href="http://www.dchistory.org/research/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">DC History Center.</a> <span>Collection is available for “fair use.” Material may be protected by copyright.</span><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://dchistory.org/uploads/fa/ms0764.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">VIEW ONLINE FINDING AID</a>
Creator
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David Lewis Aiken, 1945-1986
Date
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1971-1986
Document
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Text
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.
rtj&b \«A)e Ln&r ^
I, Jeff Blake, being duly sworn, depose and say:
1. The following is a full and complete statement to the
best of my knowledge, based upon my experiences and
observations during my employment with the Grand
Central Bar and Restaurant as bartender.
2. During the months of November and December, 1974 and
January, 197 5, I was employed by the Grand Central
Bar and restaurant as a bartender. I was hired by
Raul Frias who was at that time one of several
employees in managerial positions. My immediate
superior who supervised my bartending duties was
Joe Fiume.
3. Others in managerial positions during my employment
were George Dotson, who oversaw the detail work of
many of the employees, and Glen Thompson, George
Dotson's superior, who had responsibility for the
general operations of the entire restaurant and bar.
Although generally Mr. Thompson did not supervise
details, frequently I observed him overseeing the
functions of the doormen. Most of the employees,
including myself, had heard that Mr. Thompson was
owner of the establishment; in fact, he was often
referred to as "Mr. Grand Central".
4. As bartender I was never directed to check identification
of any patrons requesting alcoholic beverages. Rather,
I was directed to serve all patrons requesting such
beverages regardless of how old they appeared. I
assumed from these directions that all patrons permitted
to enter the Grand Central were 21 or older or allowed in
by the management.
5. On several occassions I heard the following remarks
made by some of the waiters: "There sure were a lot of
niggers here tonight!"; "The crowd is getting too
black here!"
6. Members of the management frequently agreed with the
perceptions of the waiters. Specifically, I recall
George Dotson using the term "nigger" when describing
some of the black patrons at the Grand Central.
7. One evening of the second week of November 1974, I heard
Glen Thompson use the term "Black Drag Queens" in a
contemptuous way. I was later informed by other employees
that the police had been called in earlier when 5 black
patrons had become unruly because they had been denied
admission. While tending bar later in the evening, a
black patron approached the bar and requested a glass of
page two
water. Although bartenders should charge for water, it
was the common practice of all the bartenders not to do
so. The management was aware of this practice and rarely
- showed any concern. I therefore gave the black patron
the glass of water that he had requested free of charge.
8. Glen Thompson, who had observed this transaction, came
over to me at the bar and said, "When a customer like that
comes to the bar and asks for water, charge him $1.00."
I responded, "A customer like what?" He answered pointing
to some black patrons, "Any of those niggers!" I told
him that it wasn't my job to discriminate and that I would
not be an agent of his discrimination.
9. Later that night, around closing time, a meeting was called
by Glen Thompson; all employees, without exception, were
required to attend. Approximately 40 people gathered for
the meeting, 20 of whom I recognized as employees I was
surprised at the large number of unfamiliar faces present.
Glen Thompson informed the gathered group that the bar
was having trouble with the "niggers" and that it would be
necessary to toughen up the policy at the door. He claimed
that the "niggers" made the bar unsafe. He told everyone
to come the following night "prepared to fight if necessary."
We were all encouraged to bring frineds who could assist
Mr. Thompson by acting as informal bouncers. Each friend'
of an employee who would come to help, Glen Thompson
continued, would receive free drinks from the bar.
10. I had never witnessed any violent or disorderly blacks
during the course of my employment. I saw no reason to
exclude blacks from the bar, particularly on the grounds
that they made the bar unsafe. The black patrons who
frequented the Grand Central were certainly no more
unruly than'the white patrons.
11. The following night there was great tension among the
employees. George Dotson called an informal meeting of
of all the bartenders. He informed us that if a person
came to the bar and said that they were here to help out
Glen, we were to give them free drinks.
12. During the evening Glen Thompson spent most of his time
supervising the doormen. There were certainly fewer
blacks in the bar that night and I noticed that from
that night on until around the third week in January 1975,
when I quit, fewer and fewer blacks were ever seen inside
the bar.
I, Jeff Blake, being duly sworn, depose and say: that
I have read the foregoing statement (numbered 1 through 12)
and know the contents thereof; that the same is true of my
page three
own knowledge, except as to matters therein stated on
-information and belief; and that as to these matters I
believe the same to be true.
Subscribed and sworn to before me
this—>^i» day of June, l£76.
Notary Pu>M.ic
My Commissi™ Expirei March 31, I960
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Deposition of Jeff Blake in regards to discrimination against African Americans at the Grand Central disco
Subject
The topic of the resource
Discrimination against African Americans--Washington (D.C.)--20th century
Gay bars--Washington (D.C.)--20th century
Depositions--Washington (D.C.)--20th century
Description
An account of the resource
Deposition of Jeff Blake, former bartender of the Grand Central disco, regarding the racist instructions given him by the owners of the Grand Central on how to treat African American customers.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Blake%2C+Jeff">Blake, Jeff</a>
Date
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<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=1976-06-15">1976-06-15</a>
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<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=47&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Reproduction+and+use+of+this+material+requires+permission+from+the+copyright+holder.+Please+contact+the+Rainbow+History+Project+for+more+information.">Reproduction and use of this material requires permission from the copyright holder. Please contact the Rainbow History Project for more information.</a>
Format
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application/pdf
Language
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English
Type
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Text
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
Washington (D.C.)
1970s
African Americans
Bars and clubs
Discrimination
Gay bars and clubs
Grand Central
Racism
-
https://archives.rainbowhistory.org/files/original/51705214fe1d4760357f74014af01ad9.pdf
d3f675032d03b70dacae4c4013fcfd51
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
David Aiken Papers (Series II)
Description
An account of the resource
The collection includes many drafts of articles he had written on the issues confronting the LGBT community of the time. They are rough drafts, with typographical errors, handwritten notes and corrections, and numerous rewrites. They are also an important source for the events and issues of the period. His files also contain primary documents, leaflets, and notes of interviews connected with the articles he wrote. <br /><br />Aiken, a local gay activist, member at one time of the Gay Liberation Front and a resident of GLF House (1620 St St. NW), Washington correspondent for The Advocate, was also a member of the Stonewall Nation Media Collective which broadcast the Friends radio show on WGBT and WPFW radio for nine years. His broadcasts on Friends seem to have complemented many of the stories on which he worked. In the mid-Seventies, he chaired the Washington Area Gay Community Council. He also served as a founder of Black and White Men Together's DC chapter and edited its newsletter. <br /><br />The Aiken Articles <br />David Aiken's drafts of articles he submitted to the Advocate and other publications in the 1970s document many of the local and national issues confronting the LGBTQ community of the period. As such, they are an important resource of people, events, and issues for students and researchers. The collection contains Aiken's handwritten interview notes as well. The draft articles are listed below by topic.<br /><br /><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vR7ZGpQXij9EKhAxYVXnkL-5pIo-T66TtXIxK1Zm_fNsBg4nhoimqkQupb3X0CFM1-Frn-mwtBLMuO4/pub" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><strong>VIEW ONLINE FINDING AID</strong></a>
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Aiken, David L. (David Lewis), 1945-1986
Access Rights
Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status. Access Rights may include information regarding access or restrictions based on privacy, security, or other policies.
Some items are online. <br /><br /><span>Open to all people, by appointment, at the </span><a href="http://www.dchistory.org/research/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">DC History Center.</a> <span>Collection is available for “fair use.” Material may be protected by copyright.</span><br /><br /><br /><a href="http://dchistory.org/uploads/fa/ms0764.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">VIEW ONLINE FINDING AID</a>
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
David Lewis Aiken, 1945-1986
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1971-1986
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Text
Any textual data included in the document.
discrim
aiken
2/22/77
One night In November 1974, Jeff Blake was tending bar at the Grand Central, then one of the biggest gay disco bars in Washington, DC. A black customer came up to the bar and asked for a glass or water.
Evan though bar tenders had been told to charge for water, none ever did, and the management "rarely showed any concern," according to Blake.
Blake said, "but on this occasion, the manager of the bar "came over to me at the bar and said, 'When a customer like that comes to the bar and asks for water, charge him a dollar.'" I responded, 'A customer like what?' He answered, pointing to some black patrons, 'Any of those niggers.'"
That same month, Patricia Price, a 26 white woman who was then 28 years old, entered the Grand Central with a friend, a black woman aged 36.
According to Patrice, the doorman waved through batches of white men without asking for any type of identification card. But when Patrice and her friend reached the doorman, he demanded to see ID, then refused to accept drivers licenses and employment ID cards, with photos, from either woman. The women were turned away.
A few months earlier, Charles Hall had gone to the same bar in the company of black friends. They were required to pay $3 each as a minimum to gain entrance, -"While standing near the entrance, however, they saw white men enter without being asked either for ID or for $3. Only
blacks, or wihite persons accompanied by black persons, had to do so.
add one discrim
These three nay people ware witnesses — and In same cases victims —
of a probleuB that has confronted tiia gay community in marc places than
just one bar in one city. Despite xsmt progress in recent years toward
equality for black people and for women, and doapite recognition by many
gay people that they are not likay to achieve full equality until blolcs
and women do, discrimination continuoe to exist within the cay comri'nity •
A number of institutions that are important to gay sociial l i f e , euch
as tine bar3, are ^.dde open to white mon but place scats type °* hurdle
in the path of MacriexiecHEXK white women and black peopleof both genders.
m
he hurdles may be high and difficult, or low and merely minor annoyances5
they may be blatant, or , in most cases, subtle* But-auric$mrri I mtxaodaii
&djtjqMiBM3BffdP*3gnrt^n;Maaa
in several places
Such barriers do not exist everywhere, of course, ^hit/where they
have
/ jbs become evident, gay peoplehave attempted to eliminate them.
In the case of the disco in 'Washington, gay people used the same
mechanism to fight a cay bar's dadscrimination axgainst blacks and women
as they £ have used to coribat discrimination by atraight establishments
against gays. xhirty-one gay people filed conpliaints against the
Grant Central with tha D.C. Office of Human ^ights, which ±K has tie Job of
enforcing Title 3k, t h e B±k Distria of Columbia's anti-discrimination lair.
Most of the complaints had to do with apparent efforts by the bar
Management t o r e s t r i c t the number of blacks and women in the place.
There were repeated complaints fc^fr'irti1^""^1"—Pi about discriminatory
practieo in asking f o r ID at the door. One jrriw woman said she was t old
to enter through a door normally used as an exit. One person complain.d
he was shoved by the door an when ho complained about discrimination. Others
said they were threateBfricd wife physical assault.
mora
add two dscrim
^he bar s management refused to manjiraata come to any agreement
through the S. administrative conciliation procedures open to then, so
the ca.30 Trent to a hearing l a s t August before the D.C. Human lights
Commission. On January 31 °£ this ysanpcfckxxBsaodbaiM — about tufco and
a half years after the f i r s t complaints were filed — the connisaicn
ordered the bar's owners to pay a t o t a l of C6,li5o to the eight people
who testified at the commission hearing. Varying amounts wore awarded
in three categories: compensation for denial of access to a p-ubiic
accommodationj compensation for "embarrassment and humiliation," and
attorney1 a fees for those who had hired a lawyer torepresont them before
the commission.
I t r,iay be awhile before the eight people collect any money! the
and apparently- dissolved*
corporation tiiat owned the '"'rand ucntral has Bold i t s intgrost in i t/
ifore legal proceedings are in prospect. But many of the persons who
filed aonplaints think the effort wis worth i t.
Patricia Price, for example, h points out that the evidence XSB£
collected by the Human lights Office was used by the J3«C. Alcoholic
leverage Conjftrol (ABC) C aeries ion in suspending tie ^rand Central's
liquor license for 50 days last year. That action, followed by reported,
problems with tax a u t h o r i t i e s , apparently led to the bar's demise.
Gay attorney Joseph V. Stewart added: "This puts other bars on
notice about what could happen to then. :'osides costing money out of their
have investigators from
pockets, they c0uld/kgxjgwgrfciftim<a3m-.the Human lights Office and the
APC board checking up on them. They could end up getting closed."
add three discria
In fact, other gay bars in Washington that in the past wore
alloged
targets of complaints abouVdlscrijMination are no longer complained about.
^he Lost & Found, now the c i t y ' s largest disco bar, was net by pixakrti
froB the old Gay Liberation *ront when i f f i r s t opened in 1971 because
of complaints that i t used the same kinds of discriminatory ID cheks
that thd-^rand Central xsxsx l a t e r used. Frank Xanony, a x. -ay isember
official
of the D.C. Hcman "ights Gonru.ssin, said he had heard of no/complaints
against the Lost & Found for sona tine. Earlier complaints were reportcdly
resolved through 1he conciliatinn process.
While complaints are being resolved in Washington, new ones are
arising in other c i t i e s.
e
In Fhiladxlphla, for example, t :e c i t y ' s Human x£ights Commission
has been investigating complain 9 that the Club Barracks, a gay male
bath, has started to require blacks to f i l l out applications,
thdn telling then i t would take a m nth to process the application. Coamissicn
nanber La;ry Groth has been quoted as saying 3gTprTBrateacxMdpdimxB±iaflAalMx
apparently instituted tho polxicy after sore patoons tirtat complained that
the clientele \&a becoming "too dark."
z
Looks can make a difference, however. "PrcKbably exceptionally
good lookking black men are s t i l l given mmbcr3hip," Groth told the
PhilaAddelphia Gay Hews. The club'a Manager denied any discrimination,
but said membership policies have been tightened after several p-tty thefts.
Last December, .embers of the Tale University student organisation,
BaYj staged a picket at a New Haven gay bar, Lew Oubliettes. They charged
that i t s nanagenent had been discriminating against blacks and women.
The bar's Manager denied ttie caharges.
1 .ore
add four diserirai
v
Other c i t i e s haje had their siiare of problems in the pajt.
Tbt I l l i n o i s Liqitor Control ^omission handled a conpLaint two years ago
about a Chicago women's bar named CK»s. A patron charged that the
nanagenent was requiring extra ID cards from black and Latin wooen.
The complaint was reaolvied when the bar agreed to post i t s ID
requirements at the entrance and enforce them uniformly.
Similarly, state liquor authorities in 1975 investigated Le Bistro,
one of Chicago's more popular gay nen's danco bars, on charges of racial
discrimination. That was resolved by Jgc an agreement that toe barw>uld
not discriminate in the ftoc future, though i t did not admit that i t had
in the past. A subsequent attempt by the city government to revoke
i
the place s license on the groaid of discrimination as well as "public
indec^&mcy" vas ^successful when a judge fc nd inadequate grounds.
A relatively short-lxived bar in Atlanta WmxjSiaanttaadb&mAmBm
that was the subject of nurdaerous complaints of discrimination lost
i t s license on other grounds and closed down. According to ^ i l l Snith,
editor of Atlanta's gay paper, ^he Barb, and a member of the ci'ty's
CoBBnunity Relations Conmittee, a group of Te^ans »MMI *»#/*• bought a bar
and •BDEfek used the license of the previous owners to run a gay place
called the Bayou Landing, ^he management put s t i f f ID checkes in -foe way
of blacks, and .jwyawriopcxmBxaK told patrons they couldn't wear hats inside
a rule clearly aimed at bLac3<s, Smith noted, ^he state liquor comr.iission
refused to grant the owners a new License when the old one ran out,
on the ground that the owners were not Georgia residents.
norc
add five discrim
impose a cover
And in Balt±raci\., asa a large disco bar used to/charEG ±1 i'ftnrwrfc
£—n»*.^ ,«• lOTiim^ niu »g- that -uas a different amount f o r different
people, according to Silas '"hiite, a black man who I s secretary at
the Baltimore Gay AUiance. Blacks and women were lypixially charged
$6, while white men generally paid only $1, Ifoite s aid. After several
customers threatened t o f i l e corqplainte with the state liquor board,
the bar started to charge everyone the lotrer r a t e , ^hite noted*
Some bars in Boston have at times used high, c over charges,
with the effect «f discouraging lower incor» persons, noted Ken DudlsQT,
a black gay man from that city, fie said he and other black people have
in tho pa3t had trouble getting into one of the large disco bars,
although the f»»M"".«—f«^ii )jn»ii«yrf^* "bar has changed i t s carding
jx>licy s nee several people discussed their prcbleBBSm with iilaine lioble,
the gay state representative from Boston.
In Tuany c i t i e s , discri inatory policies at bars are the exception
and not the r u l e . S Atlanta's Bill Smith reports^itodcerTwgcxgJODdaBac
dbcimesxiacs Tou couldn't walk into a gay bar in Atlamta that didn't
have sona percentage of blades, ranging from ahoot 10 to maybe lj.0 percent-"
Even where discriminatory policies do exist, they're not alwjjra"
in evidence. Former Grand Gentral bartender Jeff Blake told the B.C.
Hustan Sights Connission that the bar s managers made l i t t l e attempt to
screen out blacks en weetoiighta when business -.-as relatively slo:*, but
Btapped up the carding on busy -ireekends. Often, he eaid, tho ddoorman
would l e t a certain number of blacks in without iiafcident, then begin to
discourage more blacks fxrom entering to keep the clientele from getting
"too black."
r e
add s ix discriim
Of course, bar managers do not alwscrn hiv.. to engage in -any
cnrert forms of discrimination to attract certain types of customers
and discourage others. Soaeti ee i t ' s enough to put cnwirlMta country
music on the jukebox to drive away black cuatoners.
Nor does the presence or absence of blacks or women in a gay bar
necessarily have anythiig to do with whether or not the bar's owners
or managers personally hold r a c i s t or assist views. To some extent,
customers can be counted upon to do t h e i r ovn self-selecting.
Philadelphia
Barbara Gittinga., a/woman who has been active in the gay r i g h ts
movement for many years, observwl, "When gay people congregate socially,
they do want to be among t h i r own kind." iefcee liany others agree that
gay ran are lively to want to be among other men, and gay women among
other wemsn*
Often, bar managers feel they are simply trying to mold an 'image"
that will attract people with the -oat money to spend, "hits middle-clasa
men generally tend to bo those people, ^hus, a bar that attracts
such people will sell a lot of liquor, while a bar that attracts large
numbers of blacks, for example, may have idle bartenders whila the customers
are busy dancing. That, at least, i s the image sone bar manager have in
mind.
So if the bar managers are only trying to make their customers
feel £ comforxtable with people of their own kind, and i f M M peyolple
have more money than others and are therfore better customers, what's
wrong with that picture?
For one thing, any form of ovart discrimination on the basis of
race or sax i s i l l e g a l . 3h sons places, =s in • •ashington, t"ho sana lavjs
that protect gays from discrimination also co cr blacks and >roraen —
add seven discrajn
"oreover, "whenever one discriminates against someone also,
that person lias le3c morgtl justification for" complaining about
discrimination against oneself," as chicago gay activist Bill Kelley
put i t . "There night be arguments about the r i g h t to coalesce in
groups of similar people, but they have t o bo balanced against
these other cosiderations," Kclley commented.
Renee ^Wiovar, a Chicago gay woman lawyer, said t hat abaaemn
aonetimes
men/tell her that woman shouldn't complain about not being ablo to
get into men's bars, becausa ama. can't comfortably enter wxien's bars.
"!§r answer is-that man ought to 9atxttaRaa±xnodaxtriiBx^adt±±Bec&£x
imagine how they would feel if woiaan had °2 places to choose fron, but
men only had four or five. Of H course, i t ' s hard for white, privileged
males to put themselves in the position mentally of being exploited or
oppressed, becausod they're not."
Of course, in some places the possibility of ringling pri-narily
with one's own kind doesn't exist. liany smaller c i t i e s have oniy ono
or two gay awcfcbig bars, if ani^r. If you don't go there, you have to
make do with whatever private dinner parties you can-wangle invitations t o ,
or stay hone.
For example, Bill Smith noted:kfaadt "In I-jacony (Georgia), there are
tiro bars, where a l l the social strata ^o — rich and poor. They r e f oread
to have an uneasy truce TO. th each other."
:r;Ore
S
add civiit di3crijn
In any case, the problem of discrimination a t gay bars would
perhaps not be so serious i f there were full participation by a ll
»|iiM«tii»f colors and sexes of gay people in other aspects of tlie
r.ay c ommuniV• ^hat, however, i s not t c case.
Inclty after city, blacks and wonen participate in ,-ay
organisations and services in far smaller proportions than their
shares of the total gay populations. In Atlanta, -where blacks
up jft percent of the ciy's population and about 30 percent of the
raetropoliz±ijrtan area as a -whole, Bill Ssvith estimated that most
gay organizations are perhaps 10 or 1$ percent black. Vj'onen, however,
participato in greater numbers In several organizations, such as
the local ••ictropolitan Community 4iurch« In Boston, Sen Axlley reports
only small numbers of blacks in gay a c t i v i i s t organizations. "i-iore often
than not wefre in the minority." Even in Washington, where the
c i t y ' s population i s about 70 percent black, only a handful of blacks
are active in gay groups*
Baltiraore Is one eaMption, here, both blacks and women have
bean among the top leaders of the Baltimore Gay Alliance, the c i t y 's
political a c t i v i s t group, ainoa I t s founding. P&ulette -oung, a black
gay woman, was i t s f i r s t president, "not from any tokenism, but because
she s a very ±fc gifted leader,"
»aa IIMHIMHIHH! IJtlnAy K/according to BGA secretary Silas J£HODC ' h i t e.
)r'n don't actively seek wonen or blacks, they Just are there," lie eaidj adding;
"vte keep finding out how atypical BGA i s . "
more
add nine discrijn
-
The reasons for the general lack of black participation
have been debated endlessly without resoluteionx. Boston a &en ,uudley
thinks that at least part of the explanation l i e s in "tactics whites
have used over the years to re rain in the most influential position"
in society in general. likewise, the question of vronen's [Participation
in organizations which focus primarily on ^^y i-jjuas has bec>n a conxtrovercial
gay
one for yearsx.But at least one reason many/women give for staying ir>
all-wonen's groups i s nan's assumption, conscious or not, that men
i belong in tho driver ; . ;. .
Naturally, both racism and sexism o^ist in the society at large,
and gays to a great extent reflect thmla. Some gays, especially those
connected with 32c activist groups, believe gay people are affliacted
with less of these prejudices than a r e s traight.Sj bedaU3e gays
"know what i t ' s like to be oppressed," in tho words of one a c t i v i s t.
Whether that is true or n t , many ;_:ays believe there is enough*
discrimination by race and sex -ri-thin many |$SIJ: segments of the gay community
to constitute a problems. Sat e attempt to suppress i t -rinaixfr through legal
means, such as filing a complaint with a human r i g . t s agency. Others
seek to alleviate i t through education, as in Chicago whore the
Gay and lesbian Coalition has brief presentations on sexisn or racism
at each of i t s monthly meetings.
VJhether any of these methods will work i s an unanswerable question.
I t i s , however, an important one. After a l l , "Whenever one discriminates
against someone else, there i s less moral Justification for complaining
about discrimination against oneself."
-30-
Original Format
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mimeographed document
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Title
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discrimination : typescript of article on discrimination against African Americans in gay bars
Subject
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Discrimination against African Americans--Washington (D.C.)--20th century
African American gay men--Washington (D.C.)--20th century
Gay bars--Washington (D.C.)--20th century
Description
An account of the resource
Typescript of article outlining the overt racism from the bar owners toward African American customers that bar tender Jeff Blake of the Grand Central observed.
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<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Aiken%2C+David+L.+%28David+Lewis%29%2C+1945-1986">Aiken, David L. (David Lewis), 1945-1986</a>
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<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=40&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=1977-02-22">1977-02-22</a>
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<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=47&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Reproduction+and+use+of+this+material+requires+permission+from+the+copyright+holder.+Please+contact+the+Rainbow+History+Project+for+more+information.">Reproduction and use of this material requires permission from the copyright holder. Please contact the Rainbow History Project for more information.</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=47&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Aiken%2C+David+L.+%28David+Lewis%29%2C+1945-1986">Aiken, David L. (David Lewis), 1945-1986</a>
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image/jpeg
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English
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Text
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Washington (D.C.)
1970s
African Americans
Bars and clubs
David Aiken
Discrimination
Gay bars and clubs
Grand Central
Racism
-
Dublin Core
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The ClubHouse Collection
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<a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1_yi0jp1QrdJ7zmqj9UinHUb6EZv6ZpgFJc7Maed6Io4/edit?usp=sharing"><span style="font-weight:400;">Paul Butler's The ClubHouse Art Collection</span></a><br />Collection #1<br />The ClubHouse Records, 1975-1990
Description
An account of the resource
Images and other resources related to The ClubHouse, 1975-1990. Opened in 1975 by Aundrea and Paulette Scott, John Eddy, Chasten Morell, and Rainey Cheeks, The ClubHouse provided the central focus of African-American gay DC social life for 15 years.
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<span>Some items available online. </span><br /><br /><span>All other items open to </span><a href="https://rainbowhistory.omeka.net/contact" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">RHP members by appointment only.</a>
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Original Format
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photograph : color
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Title
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1296 Upshur St. NW, Washington, D.C.
Subject
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Gay bars--Washington (D.C.)--20th century
Gay clubs--Washington (D.C.)--20th century
African American gays--Social life and customs--20th century
Description
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Exterior view of The Clubhouse, 1296 Upshur St. NW, Washington, D.C.
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<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=ClubHouse+Enterprises">ClubHouse Enterprises</a>
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The ClubHouse Records, 1975-1990
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<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=47&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Reproduction+and+use+of+this+material+requires+permission+from+the+copyright+holder.+Please+contact+the+Rainbow+History+Project+for+more+information.">Reproduction and use of this material requires permission from the copyright holder. Please contact the Rainbow History Project for more information.</a>
<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=47&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=%C2%A9+Clubhouse+Enterprises">© Clubhouse Enterprises</a>
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image/jpeg
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English
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Washington (D.C.)
Bars and clubs
ClubHouse
Nightlife
Photographs
-
https://archives.rainbowhistory.org/files/original/d44940e813a1d8acb528a1f06d75442b.mp3
fabd692fb909bf892bcabb111901d3f5
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Friends Radio Collection, 1973-1982, 3
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Stonewall Nation Media Collective Collection #3
Description
An account of the resource
The Friends Radio tape collection at Rainbow History covers nine years (1973 to 1982) of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer activism and community building in Washington, DC and around the nation. The Friends collection includes poetry, music, interviews, candidate interviews, social and political commentary and analysis and accounts of the creation of community services and organizations. Rainbow History received a collection of more than 300 1/4inch acetate tape reels of varying diameters from Bruce Pennington, a founder of the Stonewall Nation Media Collective, which produced and broadcast the show at WGTB and WPFW.
Creator
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Stonewall Nation Media Collective
Date
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1973-1982
Contributor
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Pennington, Bruce C., 1947-2003
Aiken, David L. (David Lewis), 1945-1986
Stonewall Nation Media Collective (Organization : Washington, D.C.)
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<span>Some clips play online. <br /><br />To listen to other recordings, </span><a href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=creator%3A%22Rainbow+History+Project%22" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">access the Internet Archive [external link].</a>
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Dublin Core
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Title
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Frank Kameny on bar bias
Subject
The topic of the resource
African American gay men--Washington (D.C.)--20th century
Discrimination against African Americans--Washington (D.C.)--20th century
Gay bars--Washington (D.C.)--20th century
Creator
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<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=39&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Kameny%2C+Frank%2C+1925-2011">Kameny, Frank, 1925-2011</a>
Contributor
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WPFW (Radio station : Washington, D.C.)
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<a href="/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=47&advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Reproduction+and+use+of+this+material+requires+permission+from+the+copyright+holder.+Please+contact+the+Rainbow+History+Project+for+more+information.">Reproduction and use of this material requires permission from the copyright holder. Please contact the Rainbow History Project for more information.</a>
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audio/mpeg
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English
Type
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Sound
Coverage
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Washington (D.C.)
Bars and clubs
Frank Kameny
Friends Radio
Gay bars and clubs
Racism
Television and radio